农户投资实证分析论文

时间:2022-04-06 04:57:00

农户投资实证分析论文

摘要

84年后的农业增长率的急剧下降引起了产权改革是否是核心,是否要私有化的争论。其中投资是争论的焦点之一。但是不同的观点相对应的实证分析还没有得到一致的,令人信服的结论。本文系统的分析了地权稳定性对各种农业投资,特别是固定于土地的长期投资的影响,同时考察了其他一些因素的影响,尝试着对这场争论提出自己的见解。

我们的理论模型指出地权的不稳定性抑制了长期投资,但对其他投资的影响随外生约束的变化会有所不同。小调的负面影响较小,而合适的补偿机制降低了大调的负面作用,其他因素对投资的影响方向也随约束条件的变化而变化。同时农业的低比较收益对投资有着双重的重要的负面影响。

实证分析证实了地权的不稳定对长期投资显著的负面影响,而且大调的影响大,小调的影响小,也证实了补偿机制有正向作用。我们同时得到了:小调刺激了化肥的施用,也减少了农业劳动投入,而大调对两者的影响基本不显著。这种差异证实了约束条件的变化的重要影响,也暗示了农业的比较收益的重要性。另外我们还证实了非农就业机会,村组的相对应的长期投资都显著的降低了农户的长期投资,进而我们对产权核心论提出了质疑。

关键词:地权稳定性,大调整,小调整,长期投资,短期投入,劳动投入,农家肥,农业比较收益,约束条件,村组投资,补偿机制,集体所有制,产权核心论

LandTenureSecurityandFarmerInvestment:TheoryandEvidencefromChina

Abstract

Thesharpdropintheagriculturalgrowthrateprovokedahotdebateaboutwhetherthemainproblemlayinlandrightornot,andwhetherweneededtoprivatizelandornot.Investmenthasbeenoneofthefocuses.Noconvincingempiricalevidencehasbeenprovidedeithertovalidateorinvalidatethearguments.Ourpapersystematicallyexplorestheimpactthatlandinsecurityhasonagriculturalinvestments,especiallyonlong-termandland-savinginvestment.Wealsoanalyzeeffectsofotherelements.Wetrytogiveourcontributionabouttheissue.

Ourtheoreticalmodelpredictsthatlandtenureinsecurityadverselyaffectslong-terminvestment,buttheeffectsonotherinvestmentsdependingontheexogenousconstraints.Partialadjustmenthaslessnegativeeffect,andsomeproperrecoupmentmechanismsalleviatethenegativeeffectofrearrangement.Theeffectsofotherelementsoninvestmentsarealsodependingonexogenousconstraints.Andwepointouttherelativelyloweryieldofagriculturehastwoimportantnegativeimpacts.

Ourempiricalanalysisfindsevidencesofthenegativeeffectoflandinsecurityonlong-terminvestment.Andrearrangementhasmorenegativeeffectthanpartialeffect.Alsowefindevidenceofthepositiveeffectofrecoupmentmechanism.Atthesametime,wefindpartialadjustmentincreasesuseoffertilizer,anddecreaseslaborinput.Butrearrangementhasnosuchsignificanteffect.Thisdifferenceimpliestheimportanceofchangeinconstraint,andthentheimportanceoftherelativeyieldofagriculture.Inaddition,wesubstantiatenon-farmopportunityandthecollectiveinvestmentbothhavesignificantlynegativeimpactonlong-terminvestment.Andwedoubtlandrightisnotkeyproblemofthedecliningofagriculturalinvestment.

Keyword:landtenuresecurity,rearrangement,partialarrangement,long-term(andlandsaving)investment,short-terminput,laborinput,organicfertilizers,relativeyieldofagriculture,exogenousconstraint,collectiveinvestment,recoupmechanism,landrightschool