父母的爱是范文

导语：如何才能写好一篇父母的爱是，这就需要搜集整理更多的资料和文献，欢迎阅读由公文云整理的十篇范文，供你借鉴。

篇1

我可以自私地去拥有它，毫无顾虑地去享受它．可以稳稳地站在那个位置，操控一切，主宰一切．因为，我就是爸爸妈妈两人的心，是那神圣的，纯洁的，温暖的爱的结晶．

闭上双眼，坐在花园里，静静地，沐浴着灿烂的阳光，我总能够在脑海中浮现出那幸福的镜头：躺在妈妈的怀抱里，眯着眼，望着妈妈那慈祥的面容，阳光将妈妈的秀发点缀得分外迷人，金色的头发披在两肩，闪闪烁烁的，她那双会说话似的眼睛深情地看着我，用那雪白纤细的手轻轻抚摸着我．妈妈的手贴在我的脸颊上，好暖，清晰的记得，我曾经对妈妈说过，我要她永远都这样，把手贴在我的脸颊上，让我躺在她的怀抱里，沐浴在她那细腻的爱中．她也同样承诺于我，说过：＂当然，妈妈会永远抱着你，就像这样，永远！只是，等你长大了，而妈妈却老了的时候，你还会不会如此地亲近于我，恐怕你早已离我远远，嫌弃我喽！＇＇每次，我都会给她一个甜蜜的微笑，然后，摇摇头，更紧地抱着她．

如今，我从内心发出呼唤：妈妈，因为是你给予我那最温暖，最幸福，最美的爱，因此，我决不会离开你，更不会嫌弃你，无论你再老，都无所谓，因为你始终是我的妈妈，一直叫到大底妈妈．我会享受你给我的爱，当然与此同时，我也会珍惜这份爱，时光匆匆流去，使我明白了：珍惜一份爱要比享受一份爱更有意义，更深刻，只有懂得珍惜，享受的爱才会更甜更美．．．．．．

小时侯，爸爸常给我讲故事，每一晚，我都拉着他的衣角，缠着他给我讲故事，他也每次都依了我，但有一个特殊的地方，使我至今未能迎刃而解．他给我讲故事时总要我闭上双眼，才开始讲．我也没多想，每次都照做了．就这样，每天夜里都闭上双眼，听着故事，幻想着故事中的情景伴着床边故事进入梦乡．

篇2

外甥女欣欣的痛苦

表姐的婚姻已经持续了十四年，她与老公争吵了无数次，离婚闹了四五年，虽未曾大打出手，但彼此恶语相向或者实施冷暴力却是家常便饭。因为我知道表姐其实只是发牢骚，并不是真心要离婚。而且毕竟我是旁观者，虽然也随她一起愁郁不堪，却并不能感同身受。

真正痛苦的是她家的小女儿欣欣。欣欣自小是跟着外婆长大的，因为远离父母性格难免内向。回到父母身边以后，他们夫妻又三天小争十天大吵，每次欣欣都被吓得哇哇大哭。她现在10岁了，毫不意外的，性情愈加沉默内敛，敏感的小心思如雨后春笋丛生却不愿与旁人过多倾诉。

其实她原本是个非常快乐可爱的孩子，小时候与我发疯般地玩闹厮打。如果她成长在一个父母倾心相爱、互敬互谅的家庭，一定会是个凡事积极阳光的开心果。可是，她的原生家庭既不能给她物质享受，也不能给她文化层次，甚至连爱，都掺杂着无休止的漏洞。

就在前天，表姐与我微信视频，手机画面里欣欣正埋头哭泣。我问原因，表姐说因为自己吵架扬言要离婚，孩子信以为真了。

我被气得无奈，成年人往往口无遮拦、心口不一，可孩子却是天性敏感多疑，习惯信以为真。随意的一句“离婚”，对大人而言，仅仅是逞一时的口舌之快，可对孩子而言，却是比天崩地陷更可怕、更灰暗的堕入地狱前兆啊。

大多数婚姻里的夫妻仍是彼此有爱的，只是这爱情在一地鸡毛的生活重压之下被琐碎憋气逐日代替，于是互生埋怨，离婚的口号此起彼伏，互相撕扯谩骂，丝毫不顾怯生生躲在墙角里那双可怜巴巴、紧张兮兮的眼睛。

给孩子安全感

频频发誓要给孩子这世间最美好的一切，不让孩子受半点苦，却转身对伴侣大呼小叫、声嘶力竭，动辄摔盆子摔碗，这不是富养。

富，从汉字结构来看，从宀从 。宀的意思是房屋， 的意思是充满。房屋充盈是为富，引申而讲，充盈的除了家人与财物，还要有爱、有安全感。

没有安全感的富养，即便给孩子提供全世界最豪华的别墅和所有珍馐美味都无济于事。千万别忽略家里那双懵懂的眼睛，因为在你的家里，那双眼睛才是最明亮的，那颗心灵才是最敏感的。

同事家的孩子今年2岁，每次他们夫妻之间以冷暴力对抗之时，孩子都会感冒发烧。或许，孩子是以这种方式在默默抗议，抗议着缺乏温情和爱的家庭，抗议着本应该得到却日渐丧失的温暖。

篇3

爱有许多种爱，他们代表不同的意义，朋友之间的爱，那是纯洁的；善人对穷苦人的爱，那是真诚的……但是谁对我们的爱才是最无私最真挚的呢？——那当然就是父母了！！！

我们将心比心一下，如果在某人生病的时候，让你去照顾她，你会愿意吗？不！你肯定不会，你可冷会想“他生病管我什么事？我凭什么去照顾她？”可是，当那个某人是你的时候，那个照顾你的人又是你父母的时候。他们会那么想吗？不，当然不会。这是为什么呢？这就是爱！是父母的爱，是无私的爱！是父母对你的责任！所以说嘛，我们一定养对父母更十倍的加以呵护和孝敬。孝敬父母是做人的本分，是中华名族的传统美德，是法律规定子女应尽的义务。竟然这样我们为什么还要在家中充当小皇帝小公主呢？父母读我们的养育之恩是永远也诉说不完的，可以说我们生活的每一步都离不开父母的教会呵护和影响……而我们对父母的爱呢？屈指可数，所以说我们从现在开始，一定要对父母更加的疼爱以及更加的孝敬，不要在父母面前撒那无谓的娇，我们要理解自己的父母。不要等父母年过百十的时候才发出你那微不足道的孝敬之心！

所以说！孝敬父母要在现在不要在以后。让我们对自己的父母发出以十万分的爱与回报吧！

莱阳市实验中学初二：嵇奂超

作文 zuowenku.net

篇4

对我来说，这是一个温馨的夜晚。淡淡的月色融合着轻轻的小雨，拌上风吹树叶的声音，一切都那么宁静，那么让人陶醉。

还是在那个堆满书籍的房间里，时钟“嘀哒，嘀哒”地响着，来不及瞟一下钟面，脑海里出现的尽是作业。灯光渐渐变得刺眼，钢笔在纸上就一直没有停过。奋笔疾书的我其实老早就开始恋着那张柔软舒适的床了，只是这些文字一直不肯放过我。经过一番拼搏，终于可以稍微休息一下了。无意间望向夜空，朦朦胧脓的看不见几颗星星，雨，一直下着。

猛然间，我似乎听见了门开的声音，一个修长的身影印在墙上，是妈妈！我转过头，看见妈妈仍然穿着那条浅绿色的围裙，显然一点儿也没有要睡的意思。指尖还在滴水，应该是刚洗过衣服，眼睛利透露出温和的光芒。

妈妈走了过来，轻轻地说：“牛奶放这儿了，记得趁热喝，作业做完了就早点睡，明天还要上学。”说着，把牛奶放在了我的书桌上便离开了。雪白的书桌已经被书本堆的满满的，最耀眼的也算是那杯牛奶了吧。牛奶还冒着热气，暖暖的，使夜色少了几分凄凉。

我喝了一口，很甜，很浓，很香。我感觉有一种说不出的幸福。我接着又喝了几口。我没数，点点滴滴的牛奶，使我想起了母亲。夜里，是母亲三番五次的起床为我盖被，结果我睡的很香，母亲自己却生病了；清晨，是母亲走路去为我买早餐，刚放下东西，就急急忙忙地赶去上班；这次，母亲又在慌忙之中为我送来一杯热气腾腾的牛奶……不知不觉，一种酸酸的感受涌上心头。每一次感动，积累起来，将汇成爱的河流。带着母亲的这份爱，作业被我一扫而空。杯子空了。母爱也没有了吗？不，母爱已经注入了我心中，永远不会干涸。

篇5

和痛楚。

我还记得我母亲打我爸的第一个耳光。全都是因为我。他们为了我的去留吵了起来，我的母亲脸色发青，青筋从

额角暴了上来，言语越来越激动；严肃的眼神和愤怒的话语，伴随的是一个刻骨铭心的耳光。。

我爸当时愣了一下，眼睛上的眼镜也被打飞了出去。他没有说话。不知是伤心还是后悔？或是略带一丝的愤怒？

我无从得知。当时，他只是无言地拉着我的手走了出去。

回到家，他只是叹气。他在镜子前摸了摸自己的脸，用以证明这发生的一切不是虚假的。他的眼角略带有一丝血丝，

那无名的液体在眼睛中打转。但是，他还是忍住了，他用他男子汉的气概顶住了，才使得那泄露的一丝感情没有爆发。

一夜无言……

当时间冲淡一切，这件事过去了几年后……

又是因为我，我一时的突发奇想。想拿钱去买当时流行的玩具，我偷拿了我母亲的钱。

之后，事情暴露。我的母亲忍住怒火，询问道：“是不是你拿的？”语言有质问，有惊奇，更多的是无穷的期望：希望是自己一时数错了钱的数目，或是其它的原因。她不能接受现实。

我知道她希望不是我拿的。但那只是自己骗自己罢了。

我最后说出了实话。

我看到了母亲愤怒和绝望的脸。随后，一根竹棒握在了她的手中。

之后，便是如暴风雨般的毒打，没有丝毫的留情。

我忍住了痛楚，没有让眼泪从眼中流下来。如果，我的痛处可以让你的心灵得到安慰的话，那就打吧。

我闭上了眼，等待最后的判决。

这时，一只手拉住了另一只手。是我的爷爷来了。

他的脸色铁青，一把将竹棒丢了出去。

然后，我的母亲和我的爷爷大吵了一架，因为我……

之后，便没了母亲的身影，直到有一天，一个电话响起。

电话那边是我熟悉的声音，是我的母亲。

我俩随便聊了几句，然后，我来到了母亲的新屋。

那是一间朴素的屋子。

之后，只要我有时间便会来到这儿。

有一天，一个叔叔给了我一个用盒子装的数码相机。

当时，我高兴极了。站在一边的母亲叹了口气，说：“是叔叔买的，还不谢谢叔叔？”

我叫了声“恩”，便向那个陌生的叔叔说了一声“谢谢”

之后，似乎和往常没什么变化。还是像往常一样：我有时间便会来到这儿。

只不过，当有一天。我去参加某人的婚礼时，我呆住了。

参加婚礼的是我的母亲和那个叔叔。

我呆了。随后，那感情爆发了。我的哭几乎是带着悲惨的嚎叫的，没有什么可以形容我的心情。

当时，我只剩下用哭来抗议老天，抗议着这不争的现实。

之后，我被安慰了过来。但不管怎么样，那刻骨铭心的痛，已在我的心中留下疤痕。

生活还是在继续，一切都没有什么变化，我偶尔还是去他们住的新房子。只是，家中少了那么一位熟悉的人，少了一份

温情。

我是缺少母亲的人。虽然她还在，但往日的日子已不复返……

我依然喜欢整天笑嘻嘻的，那是因为我想埋葬心中的痛，埋葬那不堪回首的往事，自欺欺人罢了。

父亲多了一丝白发。

父亲的抽烟次数增加了。

父亲少了那么一丝的真心笑容，多了一丝伪装陪笑。

……

好怀恋，三人睡在一起。我在中间，父母在两边。格外的温暖……

失去了才懂得珍惜，我果然是那么愚蠢。

我并不恨谁，那全是我自己造成的结果。如果这是上帝给我的考验，那么，我已感受到了心痛。

我不留恋过去，那是无法改变的事实。现在，我只珍惜我所拥有的。

篇6

The Joy Luck Club is written by Amy Tan，a famous Chinese American writer. In the novel， she presents the stories of four Chinese-immigrant women and their American-born daughters. Each of the four Chinese women has her own view of the world based on her experiences in China and wants to share her experiences with her daughter， and they never cease to try to build a bridge over the cultural differences and conflicts between them and their daughters with their maternal love of various forms. At first the daughters don’t understand their mothers and the Chinese culture that their mothers represent， but as time elapses， the daughters begin to understand and appreciate their mothers' past and accept their mothers in the end. In fact， it is the maternal love the Joy Luck Club mothers extend to their daughters that finally makes their daughters understand them and the Chinese culture that they represent. In this sense， the maternal love not only symbolizes Chinese culture， but more importantly serves as a bridge over the mothers and daughters， and over Chinese culture and American culture.

Key Words

The Joy Luck Club; conflicts; understanding; culture; maternal love

摘　要

《喜福会》是美国著名的华裔女作家谭恩美的代表作品。在小说中，她呈现给读者的是四位中国移民母亲与她们女儿之间的故事。这四位母亲都有着自己的世界观，她们的世界观又是立足于她们的中国生活经历。她们想把自己的经历一一讲述给女儿，并努力通过母爱的表达在她们与女儿的文化差异和冲突之间建立起沟通的桥梁。起初女儿们不能理解她们的母亲及其代表的中国文化，但随着时间的流逝，女儿们开始理解她们的母亲，同情她们母亲的悲惨过去并最终接受了她们的母亲。事实上，正是《喜福会》中母亲给予女儿们无微不至的母爱才最终使得女儿们理解了她们的母亲及其代表的中国文化。因而， 《喜福会》中的母爱不仅是中国文化的象征，更重要的是母女理解与沟通的桥梁，也是中美文化交流的桥梁。

关键词

《喜福会》；冲突；理解；文化；母爱

Introduction

Amy Tan’s the Joy Luck Club is a masterpiece in Chinese-American literature. The Joy Luck Club mothers and their daughters have been the focus of research ever since the publication of this book. Some researchers put the emphasis on the relationship between the mothers and daughters while some others believe that it is the writing style that makes Amy Tan’s the Joy Luck Club a success. For there are conflicts that have been vividly described in this book， some researchers make the conflicts in the Joy Luck Club the theme of their thesis. However， in this thesis， maternal love will be the theme， and it will be interpreted from a cultural point of view.

Through the stories of the Joy Luck Club， the secret-laden lives of four Chinese immigrant mothers and their American-born daughters are shown in front of the readers. The daughters reject their mothers’ seemingly constant criticism of everything they choose， from husbands to hairdos. They view their mothers’ warnings as irrelevant， and their advice as intrusive. The daughters do not know what has inspired their warnings and advice: the hardships their mothers suffered in China before coming to the United States. Thus， as the mothers see it， their daughters are flailing in their modern American circumstances， unable to use what is “in their bones，” the family’s inheritance of pain that led to their determined strength for survival， which their mothers try to bequeath them. The mothers， meanwhile， watch with heartache as their daughters’ marriages fail， as they expect less and less and so accept less and less. Conflicts have become something that prevents the understanding and communication between mothers and daughters. In fact， all the conflicts are caused by cultural differences. The Joy Luck Club mothers have accepted and been deeply influenced by Chinese culture， while their daughters are born and grow up in the United States and know little about Chinese culture. What they have accepted is the American mainstream culture which is somehow contradictory with Chinese culture.

However， due to the maternal love of the Joy Luck Club mothers， the mothers and daughters finally understand each other. The maternal love in the Joy Luck Club helps the daughters understand their mothers; furthermore， its significance lies in that it serves as a bridge of cultural understanding between Chinese culture and American culture.

I. Conflicts Between Mothers and Daughters

in the Joy Luck Club

Conflict is the main plot in the Joy Luck Club. Because the two generations are born and grow up in different cultural environments， the Joy Luck Club mothers and their daughters have many conflicts. The mothers are deeply influenced by the traditional Chinese culture， while their daughters are born and get educated in the United States， whose culture is a completely different one. Thus the Joy Luck Club mothers and daughter can never understand each other. The daughters at first have a strong prejudice against their mothers and the Chinese culture. Born in the United States and brought up in American mainstream culture， they inevitably hold a prejudice against their mothers and the Chinese culture. They believe that American culture is superior to Chinese culture. In their eyes， their mothers symbolize backwardness and ignorance. They are dissatisfied with their mothers who use toothpick in public. They are ashamed of their mothers who open jars to smell the insides in grocery stores and they are angry with their mothers who like to use them to show off. Naturally the four daughters try to identify themselves with American mainstream culture. Both Rose and Lena marry Americans or what their mothers call Waiguoren. They admire the Americans and their culture so much that they are willing to make sacrifice for their American husbands. Waverly thinks that her mother’s Chinese outlook would make her lose face when she attends her wedding， so she conspires with her beauty parlor to dress up her mother in an American style. The Joy Luck Club mothers intervene so much in their daughters’ life that the daughters feel their mothers’ love is not embracing but suffocating. Waverly， a chess prodigy thinks she has grown cleverer than her mother who gives her “invisible strength.” Lena fears being drawn into her mother’s madness and consoles herself by imagining others who have a life worse than hers. Rose， whose mother cannot let go of the memory of her son who drowned， now believes that by hoping for less， one isn’t vulnerable to loss. And June believes it is her mother’s impossibly high expectations that make her feel that even today， she is a failure.

On the other hand， for the Joy Luck Club mothers， they also cannot understand some behaviors of their American-born daughters. Their behaviors are so different from their mothers’ culture that their mothers even feel distain about the American culture. Ying-ying can’t bear the go-Dutch rule between Lena and her husband. Under the rule， the couple only pays for their common life expenditures that both of them have to use in their daily life. If they want to buy some personal commodities， they must pay for themselves. This is no surprise in the western countries， especially in the U.S. But according to the Chinese culture in which their mothers were born and grew up， it’s unacceptable. A married Chinese couple cannot calculate the family financial expenditure so clearly; they must share the burden together. When (Jing-mei) Woo quarrels with her mother Suyuan， Suyuan says in Chinese， “Only two kinds of daughters， those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind! Only one kind of daughter can live in this house. Obedient daughter! ” (Tan 124). Because in Chinese culture， children must obey their parents without any excuse. So when June makes her mother angry， Suyuan bursts out these Chinese characters. Due to the cultural differences， the Joy Luck Club mothers and daughters have many barriers in communication and understanding， and these barriers cannot be elated in a short period. For quite a long time， the Joy Luck Club mothers， who live in the United States as minority groups， are overwhelmed by American mainstream society， but they make great efforts to make their daughters understand them and the Chinese culture. They chat with their daughters about their past experiences and impart maternal love to their daughters， patiently waiting for the moment when their daughters can understand and respect them and the Chinese culture. Finally thanks to their maternal love they imparted to their daughters and the same blood that flows in their bodies， the Joy Luck Club mothers are able to make their daughters know and understand them and the Chinese culture.

II. Maternal Love in the Joy Luck Club

Every mother loves her child or children. Although the Joy Luck Club mothers are very strict with their daughters， they still love their daughters. And the maternal love the four mothers impart to their daughters is just a typical Chinese one. The maternal love of Chinese mothers is not as direct as that of American mothers. Chinese mothers do not kiss and hug their daughters and say “I love you” to them like their American counterparts. (Yu Longyu 173).The Joy Luck Club mothers all love their daughters in a Chinese way.

First， just as the woman in the preface of the Feathers From A Thousand Li Away cooes to her swan，

In America I will have a daughter just like me. But over there nobody will measured by

the loudness of her husband's belch. Over there nobody will look down on her， because

I will make her speak only perfect American English. And over there she will always be

too full to swallow any sorrow! She will know my meaning， because I will give her this

swan—a creature that became more than what was hoped for. (Tan 3 ).

， the Joy Luck Club mothers put high expectations upon their daughters. They hope their daughters will become successful. They begin to plan for their daughters’ future since they are children. They don’t care whether their daughters like the plan or not， because in traditional Chinese culture， sons and daughters must obey their parents， and they cannot rebel against the parents. If they do this， it is filial impiety， and they will be criticized by the family members and the neighbors and the society. Although the Joy Luck Club mothers have immigrated to the U.S， a brand-new country， their concept of the Chinese culture cannot be left behind in China. Both Suyuan and Lindo put great hope to their adolescent daughters. Suyuan hopes that one day her daughter will become famous like Shirley Temple. In order to turn her dream into reality， she lets Jingmei do lots of intelligence test that she has colleted from some magazines. She even trades housecleaning service for weekly piano lessons for her daughter Jingmei. Lindo wants her daughter Waverly to win as many champions as possible in chess games. When Waverly is practicing the chess game skills， she always stands behind Waverly， although she doesn’t know too much about chess. She arranges timetables for her daughter and she even asks Waverly’s brothers to clean the dish after supper， which is what Waverly has to do before she becomes a famous chess player in her district.

Second， the Joy Luck Club mothers criticize their daughters much more instead of praising them more like the American mothers. In their eyes， if they want their children to have power and skills so that they can survive in the fiercely competitive society， they have to be strict with their offspring. For the Joy Luck Club mothers， in order to make sure that their daughters are powerful enough in the future， they are very strict with their daughters and criticize them much instead of praising them. When Ying-ying thinks that Lena can go to school by herself， she urges again and again: “You must not walk in any direction but to school and back home” (Tan 87). But too much criticism makes the daughters feel dissatisfied and even angry with their mothers. They cannot accept this kind of love because they are strongly influenced by American inpidualism. They cannot bear their mothers’ arbitrariness and criticism no longer. Some of them openly say “no” to their mothers. Jingmei， for example， voices her strong protest: “I won’t let her change me， I promised myself. I won’t be what I’m not” (Tan 117). She even takes radical actions against her mother. In order to disappoint her mother intentionally， she discontinues her college life. And for Waverly， when her mother shows her off in the stores again and again， she can’t help shouting out her anger at her mother: “Why do you have to use me to show off? If you want to show off， why don’t you learn to play chess?” (Tan 81). The daughters can never understand their mothers on this aspect. Third， they care too much for their daughters’life. The Chinese parents hope that their offspring will have a happy life. Even if their child or children get married， they will still pay much attention to their marital life， and want to make sure that their offspring have a happy life. For the Joy Luck Club mothers， their care and love can be reflected in the assistance they provide their daughters to solve their marriage problems. They never hesitate to help their daughters when their daughters have marriage problems. They try their best to pull their daughters out of troubles. Both Rose and Lena marry Americans. In front of their American husbands， they have a sense of inferiority. Rose does not make any decision on anything. Instead， she lets her husband decide because she believes her husband’s decision is always better. Gradually， she begins to lose charms to her husband who believes that she is shouldering off responsibility. He even proposes a porce. Crisis also exists in Lena’s marriage. They fight to solve the problems， but they are too weak to work out a solution. At this critical moment， their mothers do not walk away from them but try their best to help their daughters. An-mei encourages Rose to speak up， “Why do you not speak up for yourself? Why can you not talk to your husband?” (Tan 176). When Rose takes her mother’s advice and does speak up for herself， she not only astounds her arrogant husband， but also saves her marriage. Ying-ying shows her daughter what disastrous consequences would happen if she continues to ignore the imbalance between her and her husband. In this way， she reminds her daughter to take immediate actions to get rid of the imbalance in her marriage. From the assistance that their mothers provide them， the two daughters feel the deep love as well as the powerful strength of their Chinese mothers， although sometime they may feel annoyed. Rose finally realizes that her mother is more enthusiastic and helpful than an American psychiatrist in pulling her out of psychological troubles. The American psychiatrist only makes her feel “hulihutu”. As for Lena， she finds out that her mother loves her better even than her American husband because her mother still clearly remembers that she never eats ice-cream while her husband knows nothing about it even though he has been married to her for many years. From this aspect， the Joy Luck Club mothers give their daughters a lot of help and comfort.

In fact， the maternal love of the Joy Luck Club mothers exists almost everywhere. The four daughters come to realize that their mothers are always loving them in every possible situation. They find out that their mothers would express maternal love at any moment. At the crab dinner， Suyuan would not let her daughter Jingmei pick the crab with a broken leg after every guest has taken away the good ones. In Suyuan’ eyes， a crab with a broken leg is a symbol of bad luck. She does not want her daughter to suffer from bad luck. In order to protect Jingmei from bad luck， when there are only two crabs in the plate， Suyuan picks the one with a broken leg for herself， and gives her daughter the better one. Again， the maternal love of a Chinese mother is vividly shown here. The mothers would always protect their daughters and make any sacrifice for them at any moment.

In all， the maternal love that the Joy Luck Club mothers show to their daughters is brim with Chinese culture. In the beginning， because their daughters don’t know anything about their mothers’ motherland culture， they cannot understand their mothers， but after hearing their mothers’ experiences in China， and sensing their mothers’ sincere love， they begin to understand and accept their mothers. Although they have been soaked in the American culture， the same blood of the Chinese people in their bodies and their mothers’ love reminds them that they cannot deny their mothers’ culture.

III. Cultural Dialogue， Communication and Understanding

Because of the constant maternal love of the Joy Luck Club mothers， the daughters begin to understand and appreciate their mothers and the Chinese culture that their mothers represent. They begin to have cultural dialogue and communication with their mothers. Although they don’t have any special dialogue or discussion about the Chinese culture， the Joy Luck Club mothers try to grasp every chance to tell their daughters the knowledge about China. When Waverly and her mother have a dialogue about Genghis Khan， Taiyuan is mentioned. Waverly misunderstands it as Taiwan， her mother corrects her instantly， “I was born in China， in Taiyuan. Taiwan is a province of China.” (Tan 167). She doesn’t want her daughter misunderstand her motherland. On another occasion when some boys in Waverly’s class say Chinese people do Chinese torture， her mother corrects her daughter， “Chinese people do many things. Chinese people do business， do medicine， and do painting. Not lazy like American people. We do torture. Best torture.” (Tan 73). Lindo says these words because she doesn’t want her daughter feel unconfident in front of her American classmates. In this way， she tells her daughter that Chinese people are not inferior to any other people in the world. For them (the Joy Luck Club mothers)， the offspring of Chinese immigrants are as superb as the Americans. Thus， through this kind of daily dialogue， the Joy Luck Club mothers instill a sense of Chineseness into their daughters’ hearts.

Thanks to their great efforts and maternal love， on one hand， the Joy Luck Club mothers gain understanding from their daughters; on the other hand， they impart the Chinese culture to their American-born daughters， which is of the most significance. In the process of dialogue and communication， cultural barriers that cause misunderstanding between mothers and daughters are being removed little by little， and in the end the understanding and blending of the two cultures are achieved.

Conclusion

Due to the disparate cultures they are born in， the Joy Luck Club mothers and daughters at first find it is difficult to have mutual understanding. However， as the Joy Luck Club mothers tell the daughters their experiences in China， their American daughters begin to know why sometimes their mothers’ behaviors are so different， or even backward and superstitious in their eyes. Their mothers suffer a lot before they immigrate to the United States， but the maternal love they impart to their daughters is not changing. The love is a typically Chinese one and differs from the love their American classmates and friendsreceive from their mothers. However， the maternal love serves as a bridge that links the differences and conflicts between the mothers and daughters.

To sum up， the Joy Luck Club mothers are the carriers of the traditional Chinese culture， the media of history and memory and the bridges that link the past and the present. Their maternal love to the daughters is laden with Chinese culture. It is just because of this maternal love that the Chinese culture can be extended; Chinese history and memory can be rebuilt for the daughters. Through the maternal love of their mothers， the Joy Luck Club daughters finally accept their mothers and the Chinese culture their mothers represent. And from a deep level， the maternal love in the Joy Luck Club represents the momentum of the understanding and blending of all the cultures in the world， which is a call of the new century.

Bibliography

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篇7

自从爸爸做生意致富后，家里就很少看到他的影子，每次回来不是醉醺醺的，就是满身的香水味。起初，妈妈皱着眉头不理他。后来，妈妈郑重其事地问苏苏，如果我跟你爸离婚，你跟谁过？苏苏瞪大眼睛，冰冷地回敬她，如果你和爸爸离婚了，就不再是我妈妈，我也不再回这个家。妈妈听了，轻轻地叹息一声，满是无奈。

妈妈勤劳、朴实、善良，在一家国有工厂做统计员，因为苏苏坚持不肯让他们离婚，所以妈妈只好试图改变自己，挽回丈夫的心。有一天，放学回来，苏苏看见妈妈穿了难得一见的高跟鞋和裙子，一高一低地走在巷子口。其实，妈妈打扮后很漂亮，可是她不习惯穿成这样。妈妈平常穿着朴素，连口红都不抹，家里富裕以后，妈妈还是保留这个习惯。

爸爸回来以后，妈妈总是做他爱吃的菜，买他喜欢喝的酒，可就是看不到他的笑脸。有一次，爸爸甚至把一个妖艳的女人带回家里。妈妈终于忍无可忍，向他提出离婚。爸爸悠闲地吸着烟，说，如果跟我离婚了，那你和女儿别想从我这里拿到一分钱！

苏苏冲过去，狠狠地在爸爸的胳膊上咬了一口。如果不是妈妈把她拖开，她可能会把爸爸胳膊上的肉咬掉一块。那时候，她只有十四岁半，不知道哪里来的勇气和力量。

两个月后，爸爸和妈妈离婚了。一向春风满面的爸爸忽然变得垂头丧气，妈妈也越来越沉默，每天送她上学、接她放学。苏苏和妈妈在老城区租了一间小房子，房主是一个姓林的男人，带着一个十三四岁的男孩生活。妈妈对苏苏说，叫他“林叔叔”。林叔叔待人和气，说话轻声细语，对她们很照顾。有时候，苏苏屋里的灯泡坏了，自来水龙头坏了，都是他帮忙修好。有时候，妈妈没来得及买菜，他会把做好的饭菜端给她们吃，还会买小礼物送给她。

别人都说林叔叔对妈妈有意思，苏苏不知道是不是真的。有一天，妈妈问苏苏，如果咱们和林叔叔在一起吃饭，你有没有意见？苏苏无所谓地耸耸肩，说，只要你喜欢，我怎么样都行。其实，苏苏不是这样想的。她恨爸爸，也恨妈妈，爸爸投进了别的女人的怀抱，妈妈竟然也想再结婚，全然不顾及她的感受。坐在街心花园的树阴下，苏苏看着天边的鸽子发呆，什么时候自己能长大？

家里没人的时候，苏苏总是欺负林叔叔家的小弟弟，弄坏他的玩具。一天，苏苏去妈妈那里诬告林叔叔偷看她洗澡。妈妈听了，脸色铁青地咬住嘴唇，一句话都没说。第二天，妈妈带着苏苏搬出了林叔叔的家。这时，苏苏的脸上露出了久违的笑容。

两年后的一天，苏苏路过原来的家，忽然想去看看爸爸，想知道他现在怎么样了，被她咬过的那只胳膊是不是留下了疤痕。进了熟悉的院落，苏苏敲响熟悉的房门。开门的竟是一个中年胖子，她惊讶地看着他。他问苏苏，你找谁？苏苏嗫嚅着说了爸爸的名字，胖子张扬地笑，说，那个倒霉蛋啊，早破产了，被债主追得到处跑，现在是不是还活着都难说，两年前他就把这房子卖给我了。

篇8

一年前，大龄妈妈董银娟刚刚怀孕6个月，便被诊断患有严重肺炎。由于治疗肺炎需要采用抗生素，而抗生素在能够消灭病毒的同时，也会影响胎儿的健康。摆在董银娟面前的是一道残酷的单选题！但她没有丝毫犹豫地选择了放弃治疗自身疾病，保住胎儿健康。一个月后，孩子意外早产，她也变成了昏迷失忆的“植物人”。可出乎所有人意料的是，随着儿子牙牙学语，这位治疗了一年也没见好转的重症病人，竟然在儿子一声声稚嫩的呼唤中苏醒了过来……

残酷选择：准妈妈甘愿舍命生子

今年31岁的董银娟是安徽省宣城市宣州区向阳镇人。2006年春节期间，原本在深圳打工的董银娟在媒婆的牵线下，与同乡青年王江定下了亲事。次年，他们携手走入婚姻殿堂。

结婚后，两人感情一直非常好。更让他们惊喜不已的是，半年后，董银娟就怀上了宝宝。

沉浸于幸福中的小两口，憧憬着一家三口天伦之乐的生活。而公公婆婆听闻喜讯后更是欣喜万分，因为王江是家中的独子，都盼着能早一天抱上孙子。

然而，谁也没有想到，短暂的惊喜后等待这个家庭的竟是令人窒息的阴霾。

2008年5月的一天，怀有两个多月身孕的董银娟像往常一样做起了家务。可当她提着一桶水准备给家里的家具擦洗一番时，她的脚猝不及防地一滑，身体瞬间失去平衡，她只感觉自己的腰被扭了一下，然后整个人摔倒在地。当董银娟从地上爬起来时，发现自己的腰部和小腹剧痛无比，接到电话的王江赶紧赶回家，将妻子送到附近的医院检查。随后，医生遗憾地告诉他们，董银娟流产了。

回家的途中，董银娟脸色苍白一言不发，王江的心也如刀割一般难受。回到家后，王江搂着妻子轻轻安慰她说：“孩子没了就算了，我们还年轻，以后再生一个就是了，你的身体要紧啊。”“都怪我自己不小心，害得一家人空欢喜一场。”董银娟后悔莫及。

此后漫长的两年时间里，董银娟却一直没能怀上孩子。难道是上次流产落下了病根，自己这辈子都不能当妈妈了吗？尽管丈夫千方百计安慰她，但此时已经快30岁的董银娟还是着急万分。

2010年7月初，董银娟终于又成功怀孕，新生命的呼唤瞬间驱散了笼罩在这个小家庭的所有阴霾。接下来的日子里，董银娟小心翼翼地呵护着肚子里的宝宝，每天脸上都溢满了幸福的笑容。但很快，厄运再次降临到她身上。

2011年春节前夕，就在董银娟怀孕6个月的时候，她突然发起了低烧，而且咳嗽不止。家人将她送往医院检查，结果董银娟被诊断为严重肺炎。医生告诉她，必须立即使用大量抗生素控制病情，否则会危及性命。可是难就难在如果使用大量抗生素治疗，将会给其肚子里的胎儿带来危险，很可能会影响胎儿的身体和智力发育。医生建议拿掉胎儿。

“不能，我好不容易怀上宝宝，一定要将他生下来……”听说要打掉肚子里的孩子，董银娟情不自禁地抽泣了起来。回家后，面对着大人与胎儿只能选一个的残酷现实，亲人们立即召开了一个家庭会议，大家一致同意紧急治疗董银娟的疾病并打掉胎儿，连最想抱孙子的婆婆也支持先将儿媳的病治好再说。然而，董银娟依然坚决地投了反对票。她决定，哪怕搭上性命也要将孩子生下来。亲人们纷纷劝说她身体要紧，可是，不管亲人们怎么劝，董银娟却依然不为所动。肚子里的宝宝已经6个月了，她舍不得。

亲情悲欢：

儿子刚出生母亲便“沉睡”

因为不用抗生素，董银娟只能选择用一些清热解毒的中成药及每天喝大量的白开水来抵御病魔。这种“缓解疗法”虽然让董银娟的健康每况愈下，但她想着只要再扛几个月，孩子就能出生了，依然坚持不用抗生素。

董银娟的病情越来越严重，中成药对于她的治疗其实只能起到心理作用，根本无法控制病情。她的身体也一天比一天虚弱，家人看在眼里，急在心头，又多次劝说董银娟放弃孩子，但董银娟依然固执地说，就算用生命去换，自己也要将这个孩子生下来。

2011年1月27日，董银娟突然感到肚子剧烈疼痛，在丈夫的搀扶下，她很快被送到了镇上卫生所。

“怀孕几个月了？她可有临产征兆啊！”医生得知董银娟才怀孕7个月，表情突然严肃起来。鉴于董银娟的特殊情况，医生建议王江赶紧将妻子送到其他大医院待产。

当天，王江将妻子送进宣城市人民医院后，医生很快安排董银娟住院，并告诉她孩子很有可能早产。第二天凌晨，孩子终于出生了，是个男婴。

孩子出生后，王江和家人还来不及多看孩子一眼，就被告知婴儿因为早产，呼吸微弱，被送到保温箱里观察了。更让全家人担心不已的是，完成使命的董银娟在生产当天就出现了呼吸困难，口唇及指甲发黑等危险反应。医生后来甚至告诉王江，因为其妻子病情严重，需要再次转院治疗。

两天后，王江带着从亲朋好友那里借的两万元治疗费，将妻子转到了南京市鼓楼医院继续治疗。董银娟被诊断为支气管扩张伴感染、肺源性心脏病及Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭。看着妻子消瘦苍白的脸庞和微微睁开的双眼，王江的心里很不好受。可更让王江没有料到的是，2月1日下午妻子在问完宝宝的情况后，竟然昏迷了过去。

“照理说妻子生完孩子后，情况会越来越好啊，怎么感觉越来越糟了呢？”王江找来医生，急于得到明确的答案。好在经过医生一阵抢救后，董银娟再次醒了过来。可是当王江迎过去握住妻子的手，欣慰地说：“老婆，你醒啦？”董银娟却一脸茫然地望着王江问：“你是谁？”

董银娟苏醒之后，竟然失忆了。她不但不认识丈夫王江，连自己的父母和其他亲友也全都不认识了。王江见亲人们不能唤回妻子的记忆，只好将希望寄托在刚出生的儿子身上。可宝宝那边也不乐观，依然在保温箱里接受观察。

此后的十多天里，董银娟多次出现昏迷状况，偶尔被亲人唤醒后，也是处于失去任何记忆的状态。幸运的是原本危情连连的宝宝在经过20天生死考验之后，已经转危为安，可以成功脱离保温箱了。王江考虑到经济困难，再次将妻子转到了宣城市中心医院诊治，并赶紧将儿子抱到妻子的病床前，期待奇迹的出现。

“老婆，你还没给儿子取名字呢，睁开眼看看他啊……”令王江万念俱灰的是，妻子就算偶尔醒过来，也只是对着儿子茫然地摇头。到后来，连这种短暂的醒来也成为一种奢侈。

经验丰富的医生判断，董银娟很可能是因为没有及时治疗的肺炎引起了“韦尼克脑病并发症”，病人的脑部记忆神经会因此受到损伤，这种病临床发病几率是十万分之六点五，治疗起来要花不少钱不说，治愈的可能性更是微乎其微。

无论如何也要将妻子的病治好，不然妻子岂不成了一个“植物人”！王江听完医生的话后，暗下决心。

自从董银娟患上不时昏迷和失忆之症后，全家人都陷入了愁云惨雾中，还好新生命的降临给了这个家庭些许安慰。为了保住妻子的性命，也为了能给儿子一个健康的成长环境，王江开始了艰难的救妻之旅。

王江再次向亲友们借来了近20万元钱，带着妻子去南京甚至上海等发达城市，寻找知名医院治疗。可是董银娟的病情依然没有好转，不但没有恢复记忆，身体也十分羸弱，只能借助吸氧维持体内氧气。

2011年3月中旬，王江向亲友们借来的治疗费眼看就要用完了，可妻子的病却越来越严重，长期处于昏迷状态。

“小娟可能是难逃此劫了，我们还是放弃吧，到时人财两空拿什么养活小孩呀……”娘家人见钱花了不少，可董银娟根本没有好转迹象，迫不得已劝王江放弃。然而，王江却坚持要治好妻子。

大爱轮回：

一岁儿子唤醒植物人妈妈

2011年4月初，因为花光了借来的治疗费，王江再次将妻子送回宣城市中心医院。绝望中的王江在一个朋友建议下，在当地一个论坛上发帖求助，并将妻子患如此严重“产后后遗症”的来龙去脉作了简单说明。让他没有料到的是，很多网友被董银娟的伟大母爱所感动，当地一些媒体也很快闻讯赶到医院来报道此事。

4月的宣城，乍暖还寒，可当董银娟的事迹传遍大街小巷时，温暖了无数人。大家都被董银娟的勇敢和坚强所感动，各界爱心人士也纷纷伸出援助之手。有了捐助的资金，董银娟得以继续留院治疗。但她的病情依然没有好转迹象。

“老婆，我们就给儿子取名王银吧，他的身体里流着我的血，更承载着你馈赠的坚强品质啊……”

王江虽然知道妻子失去了记忆，但更知道儿子在妻子心里的分量，所以他平时总会抱着儿子到董银娟面前，给他讲着妈妈以前的故事，告诉他妈妈有多么爱他。

王银虽然是早产婴儿，但才出生4个月的他竟然会发出咯咯的笑声，哭起来的声音也格外洪亮。每当儿子哭闹不止时，王江便会赶紧将他抱到董银娟身边，儿子也仿佛和妈妈有了心灵感应，会情不自禁地用小手去触碰妈妈冰凉的脸，然后嘴里会发出咯咯的笑声。此时是王江最幸福的时刻，可他唯一感到遗憾的是，病床上的妻子却无法感知这一切。

转眼，王银开始牙牙学语了。王江每天抱着儿子守在妻子身边，一遍又一遍不厌其烦地教儿子说“妈妈”两个字。就这样，王银对“妈妈”两个字说得格外清楚。为了让儿子和妻子有更多接触，王江经常将儿子放在妻子的病床上，任其“自由发挥”。

那段时间，王银几乎每天都要在妈妈的病床上度过一段特殊时光。不谙世事的他总会欢快地在病床上爬来爬去，有时用小嘴亲一下妈妈，有时候用软乎乎的小手搭在妈妈的脸上，然后用稚嫩的声音叫着：“妈妈，妈妈……”

每当此时，王江都无法抑制自己的感情。“孩子和我都需要你，求你快醒过来吧。”他总会握着妻子的手“哀求”道。可董银娟躺在床上，无知无觉。

时间好不容易熬到2012年春节，迫于经济原因，董银娟被接回家疗养。大年三十那天晚上，一家人吃完年夜饭后，王江按惯例把儿子抱到了妻子床边。

“过年了，找妈妈拿压岁钱！”王江一边逗着儿子，一边将儿子向妻子脸颊靠去，就在彼此触碰的瞬间，王江发现妻子的左眼竟然眨了一下。王江顿时欣喜若狂，跑到客厅将此事告诉了家人。可当大家都跑到董银娟跟前时，任凭王江使出百般解数，妻子又纹丝不动了。尽管家人看罢有些灰心丧气，但王江却始终坚信，儿子总有一天能唤醒沉睡的妻子。

2012年1月28日，正月初六，也是王银一岁的生日。王江破例奢侈了一回，亲自炒了几道好菜，将亲戚们叫来为儿子庆生。当晚，细心的王江还想法将妻子固定到了一张椅子上。

2月16日上午，王江像往常一样将儿子带到妻子床前，让他和妈妈“交流”。“妈妈，妈妈！”随着王银这样来回几次叫喊后，王江突然发现妻子的眼角湿润了。

“她恢复意识了，醒过来了……”王江一边往屋外跑，一边让父母前来确认。这次，果然没让大家失望，董银娟不但恢复了记忆，还一把抱紧儿子，并喊着围在身边的每一个亲人。

王江听到妻子的声音，简直不敢相信自己的耳朵，直到董银娟朝着他喊了一声：“老公！”王江才俯过身去，将妻子紧紧搂进怀中。

篇9

有心理学家做过这样一个实验：设置价值不同的激励奖品，让被试者给绣花针引线。结果发现，被试者目的性越强，手就颤抖得越厉害，线越不容易引入。

心理学家给这种现象起了一个名字，叫做“目的颤抖”。

生活中常会出现“目的颤抖”：太想写好字，你的手就会抖！太想进球，你的脚就会颤抖！太想做出创意，你的大脑会颤抖！神射手后羿，原本有身百发百中的功夫，但在夏王面前表演时却脱了靶，就因为他太在乎“得到赞扬”。美国著名高空走钢丝演员瓦伦达，原本有双在钢索上如履平地的脚，但在最后一次演出中却掉下了钢丝，就因为他太在乎“最后的精彩”。

“目的颤抖”虽然表现不一，不论是手颤抖还是脚颤抖，都是心在颤抖。

有句话说得好：“大体则有，具体则无。”在做事情的具体过程中，应该把羁绊心灵的“目的”扔得远远的，让自己得意淡然，失意坦然，平心静气，气定神闲。

把结果看淡，往往能收获意外之喜。

（摘自《青年博览》辛若水／文）

优秀是可以装出来的

同学聚会，见到了在外企工作的一位同学。

多年来她总是很守时，从不迟到；她认真做每一件事情，不管是以前做报表还是现在当主管，都一丝不苟；她总能保持优雅，无论别人是彬彬有礼还是出言不逊。

她是同学中一道靓丽的风景。

有同学问她：“为什么这么多年你一直都那么优秀？”

她笑笑说：“其实，一开始是装出来的，装认真、装大度、装细心、装淑女……后来就习惯了，想不优秀都做不到了。”

她说得很轻松，但仔细想想，很有道理。比如说上班，每天都按时到岗，第一天可能是装的，第五天还可以装，但装五年、十年试试？估计用不了那么久就成了习惯。心理行为学研究表明：21天以上的重复就会形成习惯，90天的重复会形成稳定的习惯。也就是说，人若想要养成一个习惯，只需要坚持90天就足够了，它就会不由自主的成为生活的一部分。

从这一点上说，如果你想优秀，不妨先装着优秀。为自己制订一个优秀的目标，然后开始装，装得久了就成了习惯。当你习惯于优秀时，你就真的优秀了。

（摘自《牛城晚报》史凤芹／文）

有爱就有财富和成功

妇人走到屋外，看见院里坐着三位老人。

“你们饿了吧，请进来吃点东西。”妇人说。

“男主人在吗？”老人们问。

“不在！”妇人说。

“那我们不能进去。”

傍晚，丈夫回到了家。

“你们快进来吃点东西吧。”妇人再次邀请。

“我们不可以一起进屋。”老人们回答。

“为什么呢？”

一位老人说：“我是财富。”然后他指着另外两位老人说：“他们一位是成功，一位是爱。”

“你跟丈夫商量一下，要我们哪一位进去？”

妇人进去告诉丈夫。

丈夫非常高兴地说：“那我们请财富进来吧！”妇人不同意：“我觉得邀请成功比较好。”

儿媳妇听见后，表达了自己的意见：“邀请爱不是更好吗？”

丈夫说：“那就照着儿媳的意见做吧！”

妇人走到屋外：“请问哪位是爱？”

爱起身朝屋里走去，另外两外老人也跟着进了屋。

妇人很惊讶：“你们怎么一道进来了？”

篇10

[中图分类号]R511 [文献标识码]C [文章编号]1673-7210（2007）05（c）-131-02

近年来,我国艾滋病（AIDS）流行形势日趋严重,感染者中妇女和儿童的比例逐渐增大[1],而母婴垂直传播是婴儿及儿童感染艾滋病的主要途径。由于各级妇幼保健院和妇产科医护人员主要服务对象是育龄妇女及婚检人员，因此在防治艾滋病母婴垂直传播，降低儿童感染HIV方面发挥着巨大作用。本调查旨在了解我市基层妇幼保健院和各级医院妇产科医护人员艾滋病母婴传播防治知识/态度现况，为开展培训提供依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 调查对象

本调查采用随机整群抽样方法抽取市县两级妇幼保健院（站）4家，市、县、乡三级医疗机构共14家；其中，市级综合医院2家，县级综合医院3家，乡镇卫生院9家。调查妇幼保健机构的检验科、妇产科、 查体科以及儿科的医护人员，医疗机构妇产科的医护人员，共计调查226人。

1.2 调查方法

参照国内有关文献[2]设计调查问卷,现场采用匿名调查。在答卷前,由调查者说明意义及要求,让调查对象在统一时间内独自填写,当场收回。然后专人进行资料的整理、录入与统计分析。

1.3 调查内容

个人一般信息，获得艾滋病相关知识途径，艾滋病母婴垂直传播防治知识/态度。

1.4 质量控制

调查人员对现场问卷进行缺项、漏项及逻辑错误检查，并随时纠正。

1.5 统计方法

所有资料均使用EPI DATA3.1软件进行录入，使用SPSS11.5软件分析数据。

2 结果

2.1 基本情况

本次共调查 226人，收集合格问卷 216份进行分析。其中男 36 人（16.7%），女180人（83.3%）；市级综合医院26人（12.0%）,县级综合医院33人（15.3%），乡镇卫生院37人(17.1%),市级妇幼保健机构32人(14.8%)，县级妇幼保健机构88人(40.7%)；本科及以上学历 25 人（11.6%），专科学历73人（33.8%），中专学历101人（46.7%），中专以下学历17人（7.9%）；副高及以上职称16人（7.4%），中级职称88人（40.7%），初级职称98人（45.4%），其他95人（6.5%）。

2.2 人员培训及获得艾滋病相关知识途径

市县两级综合医院的被调查人员有89.5%参加过上级单位或本单位举办的艾滋病知识培训班；乡镇卫生院有78.4%参加过培训；妇幼保健机构有62.2%参加过培训。所有被调查人员均没有参加过艾滋病母婴传播专业知识培训班。69.5%的被调查者通过培训、专业书籍、报刊、电视以及互联网等多种途径获得艾滋病的相关知识；另有8.9%的被调查者仅通过电视、广播等新闻媒体获得知识。

2.3 对待AIDS/HIV 感染者的态度

30%的医护人员认为在工作中有可能会遇到AIDS/HIV感染者；65%的被调查人员认为艾滋病离自己还很遥远，因此学习艾滋病相关知识的必要性不大；有45%的被调查者愿意主动向育龄妇女开展有关预防艾滋病信息的宣传、健康教育和咨询；36%的被调查人员愿意为AIDS/HIV感染者提供手术/助产等服务。

2.4 艾滋病母婴传播防治知识答题正确率

216份合格问卷，总的答题正确率是60.1%，基本知识部分平均答题正确率是67.0%,预防治疗部分平均是48.2%,传播途径部分平均是67.7%。艾滋病母婴传播防治知识答题正确率分别是14.4%～95.8%(表 1)。

2.5 各级医务人员艾滋病母婴传播防治知识得分比较分析

将问卷中的25个问题作为知识指标，每个正确答案计1分，总分25分来评价我市医护人员相关知识水平，并进一步分析这个指标的基本人口学特征。结果显示:不同级别单位医务人员艾滋病知识得分有统计学意义(P0.05)(表2)。对表2再用SNK(Student-Newman-Keuls)法进行两两比较,结果显示:市级综合医院妇产科和县级妇幼保健站的医护人员得分高于县级综合医院和乡镇卫生院，有统计学意义（P0.05)。

3 讨论

艾滋病母婴传播是儿童感染HIV的最主要途径, 婴幼儿HIV感染约有90%通过母婴传播而获得[3]。因此, 防止艾滋病母婴传播是减少儿童发生艾滋病的重要措施。聊城市于2002年发现首例艾滋病病人，截止到2006年12月，已经发现18例AIDS/HIV感染者，女性患者占33.3%（6/18），其中1对夫妇经性途径感染HIV[4]。尽管目前没有出现艾滋病母婴传播，但随着我市女性HIV 感染者的增多，艾滋病母婴传播的可能性在逐渐增加。有研究发现：通过对HIV 阳性母亲在孕前、产前及产时、产后的一系列干预措施,如有计划终止妊娠、合理用药等均可降低婴儿HIV 的感染率[5]。各级医院妇产科和妇幼保健机构医护人员其主要服务对象是育龄期妇女和婚检人员，因此, 在妇幼保健系统和开展助产服务的医疗机构加强预防艾滋病母婴传播能力建设, 实施开展预防艾滋病母婴传播的干预措施,对于降低艾滋病母婴传播的几率，具有重要的意义。本次调查发现我市各级医院妇产科和妇幼保健机构的医护人员普遍缺乏艾滋病母婴传播防治知识，其平均得分率仅为60.1%，诸如：艾滋病母婴垂直传播的时机、艾滋病的早期临床表现等问题的得分率非常低。出现这种情况可能与大多数被调查人员（65%）认为艾滋病离自己还很遥远，缺乏学习艾滋病知识的动力有关。

态度决定行为，本次调查表明：仅有45%的被调查者愿意主动向育龄妇女开展有关预防艾滋病信息的宣传、健康教育和咨询；愿意为AIDS/HIV感染者提供手术/助产等服务的被调查人员所占比例更低，仅为36%。医护人员的这种消极态度必然影响她们向其服务的对象进行健康教育宣传和实施行为干预。有研究表明:未对高危生育期妇女进行有效的HIV 监测及咨询, 未采取有效干预措施是造成儿童HIV/ AIDS 的主要原因[1]。因此加强妇幼保健机构和妇产科医护人员艾滋病母婴传播知识的培训，提高其对预防母婴传播艾滋病的认识，对防止艾滋病经母婴垂直传播具有重要意义。

根据《中国预防与控制艾滋病中长期规划（1998-2010）》要求，到2002年，85％以上的医疗卫生人员须接受性病专业知识培训。本次调查表明，本市乡镇卫生院只有78.4%的被调查人员参加过培训，市县两级妇幼保健机构仅有62.2%的人员参加过艾滋病培训,低于85%的目标。基层妇幼保健机构主要的服务对象是广大农村育龄期妇女和婚检人员，有研究发现，不少育龄期妇女的丈夫存在感染HIV的危险因素，而的低使用率可导致感染HIV的男性通过性生活的途径将艾滋病传染给妻子[6]。而通过将预防艾滋病的内容融入现有的妇幼保健系统婚前知识培训体系,对婚检人群及育龄期妇女实施艾滋病性病健康教育宣传，可以取得明显的干预效果[7]。但我市妇幼保健机构医护人员艾滋病防治知识的现况还不具备对服务对象实施干预的条件。因此，各级卫生行政部门的主管领导应充分认识艾滋病母婴传播的危害，尽快采取措施，开展我市医护人员艾滋病母婴传播防治知识的培训。

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