eat的过去式和过去分词十篇

时间:2023-04-07 10:04:49

eat的过去式和过去分词篇1

怎样让学生牢记、熟练地运用过去分词形式,为现在完成时的学习减少出错率,也为以后的被动语态的学习埋下伏笔,为分词的教学扫除词形上的障碍,过去分词的教学应值得关注。

一、分类教学――降低难度

在教学现在完成时时,首先应该让学生明白,现在完成时的结构是“have/has+过去分词”,务必让学生清楚此处的have/has没有实际意义,是“助动词”,“过去分词”是重点和核心,了解过去分词分为两大类――规则动词和不规则动词。

在学生刚接触现在完成时时,就让学生明确规则动词的过去分词同过去式,以利于学生遇到规则动词能不费吹灰之力地写出过去分词形式-ed结尾。再发挥学生的主体地位,开展brainstorming活动,让学生尽可能多地说出一些规则动词,如change,turn,work,finish,help,study,clean,wash,sweep,decide,hand,return等,同时一个学生说出一个规则动词,让另一个学生说出其过去式形式,第三个学生试着说出过去分词形式,如change―changed―changed,这个活动的开展,活跃了课堂气氛,增加了课堂活力,为学生学习规则动词的过去分词的构成提速增效。

继而让学生清楚与规则动词相对应的是不规则动词,不规则动词的过去分词的构成是不规则的,应一个个击破。如see―saw―seen,eat―ate―eaten等,对这些不规则的动词的过去分词不能存畏惧心理,寻找有效的方法而加强记忆。

二、分散教学――各个击破

不规则动词的过去分词的构成不像规则动词那样有规则、简单易记,并且,不规则动词数量庞大,构词方式也互不相同,因此,记忆起来难度较大,再加上过去式形式本身记忆不牢,再和过去分词一起记忆,更容易混淆。为此,教学中,应注重分散教学原则,即每一天要求学生记住几个不规则动词,也可以结合教材中出现的不规则动词而各个击破,结合不规则动词表,一天要求学生记6~10个。如在Comic strip和Welcome to the Unit中出现四个不规则动词,分别是eat,see,take和go,可以让学生仿照go―went―gone的形式而逐个记忆,对于reading中出现的build,become等的过去式和过去分词再记忆,这样,在不到两周的时间内,80多个不规则动词的过去式和过去分词就会被攻破,在以后的练习和运用时会减少出错的机会,降低出错率。

三、适当拓展――注重归类

在语法教学中,教师习惯于教教材,教材中出现的就讲,不出现的绝不多说一句,甚至练习中也不“超纲”,不敢越雷池半步。如八下的Unit1的语法是现在完成时的用法一――动作发生在过去,对现在产生影响和结果,现在完成时和just,recently,ever,never,already,yet,for和since连用。因此,在教材中的其他地方出现的现在完成时的句子是教师重点点拨的地方。如Comic strip中,I have just eaten it,于是,教师会针对这个句子的语法时态和上下文联系,而让学生理解这个句子表示动作eat发生在说话之前,具体什么时间不得而知,并且,对现在产生影响和结果,food被吃了,自己饱了。再引导学生观察这个句子的结构是have/has+过去分词eaten构成,再告诉学生eaten是eat的过去分词;再引导学生观察句子里还有一个副词just,告诉学生just是现在完成时的标志之一,只要句子里有just,主句的动词时态必须是现在完成时……

eat的过去式和过去分词篇2

1. 汉语中表达“吃”字实意的短语在英语中的表达方式:

因为在两种语言中同是表达“吃”字的实际含义,我们在翻译这一类短语的时候大可以用上文所提到的take、have、dine、feed、taste、like、love、prefer、enjoy、care for、 be fond of等来表达。例如:

吃饭――eat; have a meal;make a living

吃馆子――eat at a restaurant

吃素――be a vegetarian

吃白饭,吃白食――eat without paying

吃不得――not good to eat;uneatable

吃不来――not be fond of certain food; find that the food doesn’t suit one’s taste

吃不了――cannot finish so much food

吃不服――not used to eating something

吃不上――have nothing to eat;miss a meal

吃得上――can afford to eat

吃得下――be able to eat

吃光――mop up with one’s meal;squander; use up

2. 汉语中表达“承受”等含义的短语在英语中的表达方式:

在此类短语中“吃”字所表达的意思一般为“承受”、“接受”、“遭受”、“遇到”等意,此时我们不能再生硬地用英语中的eat、have等词来翻译。应根据短语的意思适当切换到英语的对应短语或习语,在翻译出短语内涵的同时适当兼顾“形”。例如:

吃闭门羹――be denied entrance; be left out in the cold

吃不了兜着走――be unable to bear; land oneself in serious trouble

吃不消――be unable to bear

吃耳光――set a box on the ear;be slapped in the face

吃官司――be sued; involve in a legal action

吃回扣――receive rebate

吃空额――more salaries by making a false report on the number of employees

吃枪子,吃枪子儿――be executed by shooting

吃请――accept an invitation to dinner

吃硬不吃软――yielding to force but rejecting soft approach

吃鸭蛋,吃零蛋――score zero

吃哑巴亏――be cheated or suffer a loss but unable to talk about it for one reason or another

吃小灶――give special care

吃一堑,长一智――a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit

吃劲――be a strain; be able to bear or support(经得住)

吃苦――suffer for it;bear hardships

吃苦耐劳――be hardworking and able to endure hardships

吃亏――mischief; get the worse of it; in an unfavorable situation;unfortunately

吃老本――get meal by capital; live off one’s past achievements

吃软不吃硬――be open to persuasion, but not to coercion

吃重――entail strenuous effort

吃罪――bear the burden; have on own’s shoulders

3. 汉语已失去“吃”字本身含义的短语在英语中的表达方式:

这一类的“吃”短语中的“吃”字跟“吃”一点关系也没有,有些是多年的文化传承习惯,包含了许多深沉的文化内涵,此时,仅凭简单的短语切换也很难达到贴切的翻译效果。对于这些短语,我们在翻译的时候可以适当加以解释,应重“意”多过于重“形”。例如:

吃白眼――be treated with disdain

吃不开――be unpopular; won’t work

吃不准――be not sure

吃醋――be jealous of a rival in love;wear yellow stockings

吃大锅饭――get or supply pay at a fixed rate]

吃刀――penetration of a cutting tool

吃得开――be a favorite of; be much sought after;be popular

吃豆腐――take liberties with(female);joke; make fun of girls

吃肥丢瘦――gain extra advantage

吃干饭――unable(比喻无本事:你难道是吃干饭的?)

吃黑枣儿――be executed by shooting(比喻被用枪打死)

吃紧――be critical ;be hard pressed

吃劲――make difference关系重大,要紧

吃惊――amaze; astonish; surprise

吃里爬外――work for the interest of an opposing group at the expense of one’s own吃力――painful; be a strain

吃偏食――be specially treated

吃人不吐骨头――ruthless and greedy

吃水――absorb water(吸收水分);draw ;draft; draught(船体浸入水中)

吃四方饭――smart

吃透――have a thorough grasp

吃闲饭――lead an idle life

吃现成饭――enjoy the fruit of somebody else’s labor

吃香――be very popular

吃斋――practise abstinence from meat

吃准――be sure

吃租――receive rent

eat的过去式和过去分词篇3

关键词: 民族地区 音体美专业 大学英语 口语教学 苗汉英跨文化

1.引言

民族地区选拔音体美专业学生注重的是学生的专业特长,其他文化科目的要求相对较低,这一政策使得音体美专业学生普遍存在英语基础较差的问题。民族地区的高校中有着一定数量的少数民族学生,他们的母语是本族语,而不是普通话。自学生学习英语以来,学校和教师看重的是笔试成绩,注重培养学生的读写能力,导致其听和说的能力较差,在英语的学习上不会“开口”,也羞于“开口”。总的来说,音乐、体育、美术三个专业学生的学习情况可总结为基础差、兴趣低、强专业、轻文化,除此之外,学生学习自律性也相对较差[1]。民族地区的英语教师授课时应该考虑民族学生学习英语的跨文化问题,有必要进行少数民族文化和英语文化的对比及其成因分析,这样能激发少数民族学生学习的兴趣,加深他们的印象,减轻他们说英语的焦虑,有利于提高他们学习的效率。以下就结合《大学英语》授课的内容进行苗汉英跨文化探析。

2. I drink like a fish 和I could eat a horse

2.1《大学英语》的I drink like a fish和I could eat a horse

现凯里学院音体美本科专业学生的大学英语课程教学采用2009年2月华东师范大学出版社出版的《创新大学英语》系列教材。《创新大学英语综合教程》第二册的口语部分(第194页)有“I drink like a fish.” 和“I could eat a horse.”两句话,它们涉及目的语的文化背景,不了解英语国家的文化,就很难弄懂这两句话的意思。

2.2 I drink like a fish和I could eat a horse的苗汉英跨文化探析

“I drink like a fish.” 和“I could eat a horse.”涉及英语中鱼和马的文化内涵。由于英汉文化背景、思维方式和审美情趣的差异,不同的动物可产生相同或相似的喻义,有的可能相去甚远,有的甚至完全相悖。动物比喻词语是一定文化背景下的产物,它所反映的语用含义依赖于对英汉文化的理解[2]。授课时,若教师只是让学生看,顺便翻译,没有分析其文化内涵,就可能没有什么效果。但若教师在讲解时能够将其与少数民族学生的民族文化、汉族和英语国家的文化差异进行比较,分析其成因,教学效果会更好。凯里学院位于贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州,有着一定数量的苗族学生。下文就“I drink like a fish.” 和“I could eat a horse.”的苗汉英语的文化内涵进行探析。

“Drink like a fish”的字面义是“喝起来像鱼一样”,实指人经常喝酒,喝得多,很能喝,酒量大。《朗文当代高级英语辞典》就其举例为“My flatmate Cherry drinks like a fish. (=regularly drinks a lot of alcohol)”,其意思是“和我同住公寓套间的彻丽经常豪饮”。与“drink like a fish”相对应的汉语是“牛饮”、“豪饮”、“饮酒过度”及“酒量大”。刘纯豹对这一短语的英语文化进行了说明:鱼通过鳃呼吸,一般鱼不停地从嘴喝进水,再经过鳃吐出,看上去像是永远喝不够水似的,所以西方人就用其来比喻“豪饮,饮酒过度”。英国剧作家雪利(J Shirley)曾说:“I can drink like a fish.”(我酒量很大。)[3]这与很多西方国家相邻广阔的大海、人们时常看到鱼不无联系。苗族形容人能喝酒、豪饮时说“hot dot liuk hot eb”,直译为“能喝得就像喝水一样”。历史上,苗族以从事农业为主,苗族人日出而作,日落而息,劳作的时间占他们生活的很大部分,体力消耗大,尤其是在夏天,水喝得很多。苗族生活的地区往往是生态良好的地方,井水干净卫生,他们会直接去井边饮水,当然也有从家里带水的情况。一般来说,人人能喝水,喝水并不成问题,但不是每个人都能喝酒、酒量都大,苗族形容能喝酒的人就像能喝水一样的这一用法较为直观,密切联系他们的生活。

“Eat like a horse”的本义是像马一样能吃,比喻食量大,吃得多;美式英语里比喻贪吃。例如:My brother could now eat like a horse. (我哥哥现在非常能吃。)马身强力壮,每天要干繁重的体力活,食量很大,因此英语用其比喻一个人吃得多,即“食量大如马”。汉语中表达这个意思是人们会说“食量大如牛”,但该习语在美国常含贬义,指贪吃[4]。苗族形容人能吃的俗话是“qub ninx qub liod”或“ghab qub ninx ghab qub liod”, ghab qub的意思是肚子,ninx指水牛, liod意为黄牛,ninx和liod都是牛, ghab qub ninx ghab qub liod直译为牛肚子,其意为人像牛一样能吃,比喻人的食量大。“食量大如马”、“食量大如牛”和“牛肚”都是夸张的说法,苗族形容饿时可以吃很多东西的习语还有“xik xius hot naox ib dod,hot saik naox ib xiangx”,意思为“饿时就像着能吃50斤米,煮熟了才能吃一碗”。

从上文可知,形容人能喝、酒量大时,苗汉英语联系的事物不同,英语是鱼,汉语是牛,苗语是水;比喻人食量大时,英语联系到的是马,而苗汉语都是牛,这与各民族的语言环境有关。总体而言,中国是内陆国家,以农业经济为主,早在商朝已经开始用牛耕地,牛文化以其自身的特点成为中国文化的重要组成部分。而欧洲起源于游牧民族,依靠自身的骁悍和武力夺取土地和财富,马的力量、速度和健美,使它成为游牧民族驰骋纵横的得力助手。马作为交通工具,无论是在英国的历史、社会生活还是战争或运动中都起着重要作用,在美国,马的形象也与西部拓荒这一英雄年代紧密相连。汉语的牛文化刚好与英语的马文化形成对应[5]。牛也是苗族文化的重要组成部分,据《苗族简史》记载,三苗时期,苗族就已在江汉地区种了水稻。苗族先民在“九黎”时期实现了定居的农耕生活后,即开始驯养耕牛[6]。吴一文在《苗族古歌与苗族历史文化研究》中提到苗族传说:蝴蝶妈妈生了十二个蛋,之后它们成了雷公、龙、姜央、老虎、蛇、豺狼、黄鼠狼、猴子、猪、牛、妹妮和鬼神。可见苗族不止用牛耕田,更是把牛看成与苗族始祖姜央的平辈,是同一个娘生的兄弟。苗族崇拜牛,许多宗教活动的都必须有牛,如招龙、吃鼓藏等。牛在汉苗族生活起着重要的作用,自然,汉族和苗族与牛相关的词汇就多。综上所述,就可理解“I drink like a fish.”和“I could eat a horse.”的苗汉英语用差异。

3.结语

民族地区的高校中有着一定数量的少数民族学生,他们尤其是音体美专业学生的英语基础较为薄弱,在听说读写四项技能中,他们的听说能力更差。要改善这一状况,提高他们的学习效率,提升他们的语言技能,尤其是听说能力,激发他们的学习兴趣是关键。在英语口语教学中,鉴于民族学生熟悉自己本族的文化,教师可进行民族文化、汉文化和英语国家文化的对比,分析造成语用差异的深层原因,这有助于激发民族学生的学习兴趣,有话可说,减轻其焦虑,敢于开口说英语,强化口语教学的效果。

参考文献:

[1]郭敏,苏梅涓.凯里学院音体美专业大学英语教学改革浅见[J].凯里学院学报,2014(4):158-160.

[2]包惠南.文化语境与语言翻译[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001:213.

[3]刘纯豹.英语动物比喻辞典[M].北京:商务印书馆,2012:215-216.

[4]刘纯豹.英语动物比喻辞典[M].北京:商务印书馆,2012:70.

[5]罗文翠.汉语语言文化中的牛与英语语言文化中的马[J].零陵师范高等专科学校学报,2002(3):83-84.

eat的过去式和过去分词篇4

小升初备考:小升初英语综合模拟试卷一、找出划线部分读音与众不同的单词。(10分)(  )1. A. big B. six C. nice D. miss(  )2. A. workB. wall C. whoseD. watch(  )3. A. sorry  B. brother C. some D. does(  )4. A. yesterday  B. family C. day  D. Monday(  )5. A. hearB. pear C. ear  D. near(  )6. A. map   B. stampC. face D. cat(  )7. A. three  B. thoseC. their D. these(  )8. A. foodB. foot   C. book D. good(  )9. A. not B. no  C. ink  D. ant(  )10.A. names  B. apples  C. faces D. balls二、请你按要求完成下列各题。(10分)(I)1. shoes(单数)__________ 2. bus(复数) __________3. don't(完全形式)   __________ 4. me(主格) __________5. too(同音词)   __________ 6. he(物主代词)  __________7. 努力工作(译成英语) __________ 8. let us(缩写形式) __________9. short(反义词)  __________ 10. over there(汉语意思)__________(II)翻译下面的短语1. 二瓶果汁 ___________ 2. 到这来  ___________3. 在树下___________ 4. 双胞胎兄弟 ___________5. how much ___________ 6. thanks a lot ___________7. look after ___________ 8. put on  ___________9. 在天空中 ___________ 10. 穿红衣服的女孩 ___________三、根据题意,用所给词的适当形式填空。(10分)1. Can I have ______(a) orange? 2. She ____ _(like) to play the flute.3. He ____ _(have) got a skipping rope. 4. Please give _____(I) a cup of tea.5. Let's go __ ___(shop) with my mother! 6. Da Ming comes from China,he is __ ___(China).7. How many __ ___(hour) are there in a day? 8. Lucy _ _(look) like her father.9. "Here you are. ""__ ___(thank)." 10. She ______(watch) TV every evening.四、根据提供的情景,选择正确的句子,将其标号填在题前的括号内。(8分)A. Let's go to the zoo. B. Can you spell "window"?  C. Good evening, Dad.D. Good night. E. This is Mr Zhang. F. Look at the new car. G. Come and sit here.H. It's my favourite colour.(  )1. 傍晚见到父亲说:___________ (  )2. 你想说这是我最喜欢的颜色:________(  )3. 你想叫人拼写窗户这个单词,可以说:________ (  )4. 你叫汤姆过来坐,可以说:________(  )5. 你想请别人欣赏这辆红色法拉利小轿车,可以说:_______(  )6. 想邀请别人一起去动物园,可以说:________ (  )7. 睡前对母亲说晚安,应表达为:________(  )8. 你向Helen介绍一下张老师,应该说:______五、选择填空。(30分)(  )1. What's this in English? _____ a jeep. A. This is B. That's  C. It's D. it is(  )2. Where's the bag? A. It's in the car.  B. They are here. C. There are.  D. Here are.(  )3. What's that man? A. He's my brother. B. Yes,he is. C. She's a teacher. D. He's a teacher.(  )4. It's _____ my new car. A. / B. a  C. is D. isn't(  ) 5. ____ a cat. A. This B. This's C. This is D. That(  )6. Look ____ the nice car. A. to B. and C. at  D. in(  )7. It's nine o'clock. I must ______. A. go home B. go to home C. to go home D. go the home( ) 8. _____ you see the blackboard? A. Do  B. Are C. Is D. Can(  )9. Please give ____ a cup of tea. A. she B. he C. I  D. him(  ) 10. It's time ____ play games. A. in B. on C. for D. to(  )11. The man _______ the photo is my father. A. in B. on the C. in the D. under(  )12. _____ name is Mike. A. I B. My  C. Me D. mine(  )13. Who is the _____? He is my uncle. A. boy B. man C. woman D. girl(  )14. _____ you like this jacket? A. Are B. Do C. Can D. What(  )15. ______ is my umbrella? It's over there. A. Where B. What C. Whose D. how(  )16. What's that ____ English? A. for B. in  C. on  D. under(  )17. Look! The cat is _______. A. walk B. run C. ran D. running(  ) 18. Whose gloves are they? ____ my _____.A. It's,mother's B. They're,mother's C. They're,mother D. It's,mother(  ) 19. The boys are from Tokyo. They are ______.A. China B. English C. Japanese D. Chinese(  ) 20. There are _____ on the table.A. two bottles of milk  B. two bottles milk C. two bottles of milks D. two bottle of milk(  )21. "Can I help you?""I'd like ______ bags of rice. " A. some B. a C. little D. one(  )22. "What would you like?""I'd like ____ to eat." A. something B. apple C. meat D. some orange( )23. Look! Some meat ____ in the box. Some apples _____ in the basket.A. are,are B. is,is C. are,is D. is,are(  )24. I would like _____.A. some banana B. eat some bananas C. some bananas eat D. some bananas(  )25. Please give me two bottles of ______ A. milk B. waters C. milks D. oranges(  )26. Well,would you like _____ to drink? A. some thing B. anything C. some things D. something(  )27. ____ would you like _____ breakfast? A. What,with B. What,for C. What,at D. How,for(  )28. I want some A. meats B. waters C. cakes D. bread(  )29. What about _____? A. something to eat B. to eat something C. something eat D. eat something(  )30. "Do you want _____ orange?""No,I'd like _____ bottle of orange."A. a,an B. an,an C. the,an  D. an,a六、从Ⅱ栏中选出能对Ⅰ栏中的句子做出正确反应的应答语。(18分)(I)(  )1. Don't be late again.A. A new watch.(  )2. May I have a cup of tea?B. Me,too.(  )3. I like the red fan. C. I see.(  )4. What's that on the desk?D. Sure.(  )5. Where's Dad?  E. Perhaps he's in the study.(  )6. Shall we go to the zoo by bike? F. It's Bob's,I think.(  )7. Whose kite is this?G. Good idea.(  )8. Can I have a look at your dress?  H. Yes. Here you are.(II)(  )1. Could you help me, please?A. OK.(  )2. Thanks a lot.  B. You're welcome.(  )3. Let's put the books in the box. C. It's Monday.(  )4. Can you carry it?  D. No,it's full.(  )5. Who's on duty today?   E. lam.(  )6. Is it empty?   F. No,it's light.(  )7. What day is it today?  G. Certainly.(  )8. Is that bag heavy?  H. No. Li Lei isn't here.(  )9. Are we all here today?  I. No,thanks.(  )10. Let me help you.  J. Yes,I can.七、在下列各句A、B或C中找出与划线部分意义相近的词或句子。(14分)(  ) 1. Wang Hai does well in English.A. likes B. is good at C. is writing(  )2. I'd like some melons.A. I want B. I like C. I need(  )3. Let me see.A. look at B. watch C. think over(  ) 4. How does she go there?A. get up B. do C. get(  )5. We have three lessons this afternoon.A. texts B. glasses C. classes(  )6. We'll go and get some bananas.A. sell B. want C. buy(  )7. It's hot inside. Please open the windowPardon?A. Please say it again. B. I'm sorry. C. All right.(  )8. Where are you from? I'm from China.A. I'm from Chinese. B. I'm Chinese. C. I'm in China.(  )9. Tom! This is my uncle.A. my father's brother. B. my mother's sister. C. my father's sister.(  ) 10. What's the time? It's a quarter to one.A. 1:15 B. 1:45 C. 12:45(  )11. What's the weather like in Shanghai?A. What's the weather in Shanghai? B. How is the weather like in Shanghai?C. How is the weather in Shanghai?(  )12. Can I play the video games now? I'm afraid you can'tA. You're welcome. B. That's OK. C. Please don't.(  )13. We're going to the cinema.A. We're going to do it. B. We're walking in the cinema C. We're going to see a film.(  )14. Our teacher walks to school on foot every day.A. Our teacher goes to school on foot every day. B. Our teacher works every day.C. Our teacher likes walking every day.八、连词成句,注意大小写和标点符号。(10分)1. things,in,are,the,now,the,car____________________________________________2. you,what,wrong,is,with____________________________________________3. you,let,help,me____________________________________________4. is,the,what,weather,today,like____________________________________________5. you,me,please,could,help____________________________________________6. are,what,they,colour____________________________________________7. many,minutes,hour,there,how,are,in,an____________________________________________8. him,give,please,water,a,of,bottle____________________________________________9. to,I,put,the,ball,in,the,box,want____________________________________________10. fox,wolf,friends,and,are___________________________________________九、选择正确答案。(10分)Jack is a teacher of English. He is not young,but he is not old. He has a round face and black hair. He is tall. There are fifty students in his class. They all like him.Now it's in the afternoon. Look,some students are working in the classroom. Jack is there,too. He is helping them to study English. He is a good teacher,and he is a good friend of them all.(  )1. What does Jack do?A. He is a worker. B. He is a teacher. C. He is a doctor.   D. He's a nurse.(  )2. What colour is his hair?A. It's black.   B. His heir is white C. It is br D. He has yellow hair.(  )3. How many students are there in his class?A. There are fifteen students in his class. B. There's fifty. C. He has fifty. D. There're fifty in it.(  )4. Jack is a good teacher,isn't he?A. Yes,he isn't.   B. No,he is. C. Yes,he's. D. Yes,he is.(  )5. What are the students doing in the classroom?A. They are walking there. B. They are doing their lessons. C. They are helping their teacherD. They are good friends of Jack.

eat的过去式和过去分词篇5

Different people have different lifestyles. 不同的人有不同的生活方式。

【巧记】 lifestyle 是合成词,可以分解为“life + style”。其中,“style”意思是“方式”。

【联想】 hairstyle 发型如:Her hairstyle is in fashion. 她的发型很时尚。

【拓展】 in style 时髦如:She dresses in style. 她穿着时髦。

【搭配】 free style 自由风格family style 家常便饭式的

modern style 时髦式样international style 国际样式

2. noon名词,意为“正午”。

Its noon. = Its the middle of the day. = Its 12 oclock.

【搭配】 at noon 在晌午如:At noon,the sun is high in the sky. 中午,烈日当空。

【联想】 afternoon 下午,in the afternoon 在下午

We usually have afternoon tea at four.我们通常4点喝下午茶。

3. keep动词 意为“保持”。

We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们须保持教室干净整洁。

【搭配】 keep in touch 保持联系keep up with 跟上

He still keeps in touch with his English teacher after he finishes school. 他中学毕业后,还和英语老师保持联系。

He tries his best to keep up with his classmates. 他尽力跟上他的同班同学。

【易错提醒】 keep的过去式为“kept”。

【拓展】 keep sb. doing 让某人一直做某事keep sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事

Im sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. 让你久等我很抱歉。

The rain kept people from attending the meeting. 大雨让人们无法出席那个会议。

4. sweet名词,意为“糖果、甜点”;形容词,意为“甜的”。

The apples taste so sweet. 那些苹果尝起来很甜。

The famous singer has a sweet voice. 那位著名歌唱家嗓音甜美。

Too many sweets are bad for our teeth. 糖吃多了对牙齿不好。

【联想】 ① 在美国英语里,糖果为“candy”。

Would you like some candies?来点儿糖果好吗?

② 表示味觉的除了sweet“甜的”以外,还有sour 酸的,bitter 苦的,hot 辣的。sweetly 是其副词形式,如:She smiles sweetly at him. 她对他嫣然一笑。

【搭配】 sweet potato 山芋,白薯,甘薯

5. health名词,意为“健康”。

Smoking can do harm to your health. 吸烟有害健康。

【联想】 wealth 意为“财富”。

Health is more important than wealth. 健康比财富更重要。

【巧记】 health的形容词形式healthy,副词形式为healthily。

We must eat healthily. 我们必须健康饮食。

Though his grandpa is over 80,he still looks healthy. 他爷爷虽然80多岁,但看上去依然很健康。

【搭配】 in good health 身体健康in bad health 身体不佳

health care 卫生保健health club 健身俱乐部health center 卫生所

【易错提醒】 形容词healthy的比较级、最高级是“healthier,healthiest”。

6. fit形容词,意为“健康的,合适的”;动词,意为“适合”。

He is fit to do the job. 他适合做这事。

The dancer needs energy to keep fit and healthy. 那位舞者需要能量来保持健康。

The coat fits me well. 这外套很合我身。

【易错提醒】 形容词fit的比较级、最高级是fitter,fittest。动词fit的过去式、过去分词是fit/fitted,fit/fitted。

【原句再现1】 Its half past ten.

【结构解析】 此句型是表达时间的一种方式。如:

6∶45 a quarter to seven7∶15 a quarter past seven

【句型运用】 完成句子:

A: What time is it now?B: Its (十二点半).

【答案】 half past twelve

【原句再现2】 And hamburgers are not good for us.

【结构解析】 be good for 表示对……有益处。be good to 表示对……态度友好。

be good at 表示擅长做某事。

Our English teacher is good to us. 我们英语老师待我们很好。

【句型运用】

()1. Im good playing chess.

A. atB toC withD for

()2. Eating more vegetables is good our health.

A. atB toC withD for

()3. My classmates was good me when I was ill last week.

A. atB toC withD for

【答案】 1. A2. D3. B

【原句再现3】 How often does Kitty dance?

【结构解析】 how often用来提问某动作或状态发生的频率,对“一段时间内发生了几次活动”(always,usually,often,never或twice a day等表示频度的词或短语)提问时用;how soon用来提问某人要“多快”能做好某事,或某事要“多快”能完成,常用于将来时。how long用来询问事物长度或时间的长度;而how far意思是“多远”,对距离提问时用。

【句型运用】

()1. ― will your father come back?― In an hour.

A. How farB How oftenC How soonD How long

()2. ― is your home from here?― About 2 kilometers.

A. How farB How oftenC How soonD How long

()3. ― do you go to the park?― Once a week.

A. How farB How oftenC How soonD How long

()4. ― is the Changjiang River? ― About 6,400 kilometers.

A. How farB How oftenC How soonD How long

【答案】 1. C2. A3. B4. D

【原句再现4】 Would you like some vegetables?

【结构解析】 “Would you like + 名词” 表示“你想要点……?”

“Would you like +to do sth.”表示“你想要做……吗?”

“Would you please + do sth.”表示“请你做……,好吗?”

【易错提醒】 在询问对方意见的句式中,用“some”而不用“any”。

【句型运用】 翻译:再喝点茶好吗?

【答案】 Would you like some more tea?

1. 可数名词与不可数名词

可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西,因此,可数名词有单、复数形式;不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西,它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式。

单数可数名词前可以用a,an,the,this,that修饰。其中,以元音音素开头的可数名词前用“an”。如:an hour,an engineer,an orange等等。

复数可数名词前可以用some,many,a lot of,enough,these,those等来修饰。如:many hamburgers,two books,a lot of apples,……

不可数名词前可以用the,some,much,a lot of,enough,a little等来修饰。如:enough water,much milk,some water,……;不可数名词也可以和量词连用,如: two pieces of paper,a glass of juice,three kilos of beef,four cartons of milk,……

2. 可数名词复数形式的构成

直接+sdaydaysboyboys以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,+escountrycountrieslibrarylibraries以s,sh,ch,x结尾;部分以o结尾,+esclassclassesbrushbrusheswatchwatches

heroheroesmangomangoes以f,fe结尾,变f,fe为v,+eswifewivesshelfshelveswolfwolvesknifeknives不规则变化mousemicedeerdeerchildchildrenmanmen【语法运用】

()1. I have two photos. Would you like to have a look at ?

A. itB themC theyD its

()2. I need two .

A. beefB milkC waterD eggs

()3. Miss Wang is English teacher. We all like her.

A. aB anC theD /

()4. ― Do you know the names?― Yes,I do.

A. boyB boysC boysD boys

【答案】 1. B2. D3. B4. D

【原题再现1】 用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子。

Board games are more and more popular among .(teenager)(2012・上海市中考题)

【答案解析】 本题考查可数名词复数形式。棋盘游戏在青少年中越来越普及了。答案为teenagers。

【原题再现2】

― What do you think of film about Zhan Tianyou?

― Its good film.(2012・天津市中考题)

A. the; theB a; theC the; aD a,a

【答案解析】 本题考查名词与冠词的搭配。根据句意,有关詹天佑的电影是特指,用定冠词修饰,一部好电影是泛指,用a修饰。本题答案为C。

【原题再现3】

Lin Shuhao is good basketball player in the NBA.(2012・重庆市中考题)

A. aB anC theD /

【答案解析】 林书豪是一名出色的NBA篮球运动员。本题考查可数名词前用“a”修饰,表示泛指种类。答案选A。

【原题再现4】

― Bill,whats your sisters favourite ?

― She likes volleyball best.(2012・重庆市中考题)

A. foodB colourC sportD movie

【答案解析】 本题的四个选项均是名词。但联系下文,与“volleyball”有关的名词只能是“sport”。答案选C。

【原题再现5】

The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous landmark in San Francisco,the USA. Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word landmark?(2012・南京市中考题)

A. unpleasantB uselessC summertimeD surprising

【答案解析】 本题考查构词法。landmark是由land和mark两个词组成的合成词。再如:lifestyle,blackboard,classroom等等。四个选项中只有summertime是合成词。故选C。

【原题再现6】 根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词,使句子意思完整正确。

The teacher always reads the children a (故事) at the end of the day.(2012・南京市中考题)

【答案解析】 本题考查可数名词“story”单数形式的拼写。答案为story。

【原题再现7】

― Do you need any help,Mary?― (2012・武汉市中考题)

A. Yes,please.B Id love to.C Never mind.D Well done.

【答案解析】 本题考查交际用语。问句是“你需要帮忙吗?”,答语应该是“是的,请”。故选A。

【原题再现8】

The smell of success around her shows that she is a Dancing Queen on the stage.(2012・武汉市中考题)

A. sweetB tastyC finalD great

【答案解析】 本题考查形容词和名词的搭配。根据下文“她是舞台上的舞蹈皇后”可知搭配的是“美好的感觉”。故选A。

【原题再现9】

Mom makes me eat an apple every day the doctor away.(2012・杭州市中考题)

A. keepsB is keptC to keepD kept

【答案解析】 本题考查动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。

【原题再现10】 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空

safefasttoothreadbelong

Youd better brush your twice a day.(2012・福州市中考题)

【答案解析】 本题考查动宾搭配,所给的词当中只有一个可以充当宾语,构成“刷牙”。答案为teeth。

【原题再现11】

― does Mrs Li wash her car?― Once a week.(2012・沈阳市中考题)

A. How longB How oftenC How farD How soon

【答案解析】 本题考查对表示动作频率“once a week”提问的疑问词。答案选B。

【原题再现12】

We need some more coffee. There is only left.(2012・沈阳市中考题)

A. too manyB too muchC a littleD a few

【答案解析】 本题考查不可数名词的用法。能修饰不可数名词的有“a little”和 “too much”两个选项,但联系下文only,说明所剩咖啡不多。故选C。

一、 单项选择

()1. ― Do you like fish?― Yes. Its our health.

A. good toB good forC bad forD bad to

()2. Its a beautiful city. Everyone it clean.

A. need keepB need to keepC needs to keepD needs keeping

()3. Sometimes I feel between meals,so I eat something.

A. tiredB happyC sadD hungry

()4. Cakes have sugar and they are bad for my teeth.

A. too manyB too muchC much tooC many

()5. ― does your sister dance?― Every day.

A. How longB How oftenC How manyD How much

()6. ― is healthy food so important for us?

― Because we need to keep fit.

A. WhatB WhyC WhenD Where

()7. Parents often tell children bedtime .

A. storyB storiesC wishD wishes

()8. Our school a swimming pool and two playgrounds.

A. isB areC haveD has

()9. It rains in the west of China. People there are in great need of water.

A. usuallyB seldomC oftenD sometimes

()10. ― Would you like vegetables?

― Yes. Some green beans,please.

A. someB anyC aD an

二、 词汇运用

A 根据句意及汉语、首字母提示,写出各单词的正确形式。

1. We have three (餐) a day.

2. ― How many (玻璃杯) are there on the table?― Two.

3. ― Could you (点菜) a hamburger for me,mum?― Sure.

4. The (数,数量) of the teachers in our school is about 200.

5. I need to buy a packet of (盐).

6. ― What would you like to have,sir?

― Let me have a look at the m,please.

7. Chips are made of p.

8. June 1 is C Day.

9. Give them a c of tea each,please.

10. ― How long do you sleep every night?― Less t 7 hours.

B 根据句意,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。

1. They plan (have) a day out.

2. Healthy food is good for our (healthy).

3. A man usually has about 28-32 (tooth).

4. There will be two football (match) on TV tonight.

5. Your lifestyle is not very healthy. You need to exercise (much) and watch TV less.

三、 完形填空

I have a good friend. 1 name is Tom. He is twelve years old. He is a nice boy,but he eats too 2 and doesnt like sports.

He has a big 3 every morning. He has four eggs,4 bread with butter and a big glass of milk for it. 5 lunch,he eats two hamburgers,a lot of French fries 6 some chicken. He drinks a lot of cola or soda,too. For dinner,he likes beef and salad.

He 7 eats beef,chicken,hamburgers,and eggs. He 8 ice cream,cola and soda,too.

Too much food 9 not good for health. So Tom is very 10.

Now Tom decides to change his diet. He takes exercise every day. I hope hell have a healthy lifestyle.

()1. A. HisB HerC itsD its

()2. A. littleB muchC someD any

()3. A. breakfastB lunchC dinnerD supper

()4. A. twoB two pieceC two piecesD two pieces of

()5. A. ForB OnC WithD without

()6. A. soB andC butD or

()7. A. oftenB neverC seldomD not

()8. A. buysB drinksC dislikesD likes

()9. A. amB isC areD be

()10. A. healthyB fitC thinD fat

四、 阅读理解

Overweight(超重) is one of the biggest health problems now. Being overweight affects more than you look. Too much fat can kill you.

Whats more,overweight children turn into overweight adults. If youre obese now,you will probably grow into an obese adult. But heres good news. You can fight overweight.

Change your eating habits

You are what you eat. Kids like snacks. Whats more,do you list any healthy snacks? One study of eating habits showed that soft drinks are the first in the snack list. Next,kids choose salty snacks,like chips. Whats more,the list is full of junk food from No. 3 to No. 11. Finally,No.12,kids picked a healthy snack―fruit. So,think about your snack choice again.

Get outside to exercise

Jim,a player on his school football team,had a weight problem not long time ago. He could not get anyone to play with him. So his father and he started playing football for a few minutes every night. Ten minutes turned into an hour or more. In just a few years,the heavy kid became athletic,fit and healthy.

More TV means more fat

Nearly every American kid watches TV for 2 hours and 56 minutes every day―that adds up to 44 days a year of sitting. More TV(or more Internet surfing,or more computer games) means more fat.

Eat an apple a day,walk around the house,play with your family...Do it today,and do it more tomorrow. It will help you a lot.

()1. According to the passage,what do kids put at the end of the snack list in one study of eating habits?

A. chipsB ice creamC fruitD soft drinks

()2. What does the underlined word“obese” mean in Chinese?

A. 苗条的B 虚胖的C 健康的D 聪明的

()3. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. When we watch too much TV,we will probably get too much fat.

B A few years ago,Jim was fat.

C. Being overweight only affects how we look.

D. Eating an apple a day is good for our health.

()4. What can we do to fight overweight according to the passage?

① Try to get up early.

② Try to take more exercise.

③ Try not to sit in front of TV or computer for too long.

④ Try to eat more healthy food.

A. ②③④B ①②③C ①③④D ①②④

()5. The passage mainly talks about .

A. one of the biggest health problems,overweight

B how to play football

C. the healthy food

D. how to fight overweight

五、 书面表达

省政府非常关心青少年的生活习惯。最近搞了一份问卷调查。作为一名中学生,请你参加这项活动,并完成70字左右的汇报材料。

What do you usually have for breakfast/lunch/dinner?

How long do you sleep every night?

How long do you surf the internet/play computer games/watch TV?

How often do you exercise?

Keys:

一、 单项选择

1―5 BCDBB6―10 BBDBA

二、 词汇运用

A 1. meals2. glasses3. order4. number5. salt6. menu7. potatoes8. Childrens9. cup10. than

B 1. to have2. health3. teeth4. matches5. more

三、 完形填空

1―5 ABADA6―10 BADBD

四、 阅读理解

1―5 CBCAD

五、 书面表达

One possible version

As a student,its important to have a healthy lifestyle. For breakfast,I usually have some rice with eggs or a bowl of noodles with beef. I have meat and vegetables for lunch. Usually,I have some baozi or mantou for dinner. I also eat an apple a day. On weekdays,I seldom watch TV or play computer games. I only surf the internet at weekends. I go to bed early and get up early every day,so I have enough sleep for about 8 hours. I run for half an hour in the afternoon. Sometimes I play ball games after school.

Do you know American food?

你知道美式食品吗?

“You are what you eat.” Nutrition experts often use this saying to promote better eating habits. What we put in our mouths does become a part of us. But we can look at this statement another way. What we eat reflects who we are―as people and as a culture. Do you want to understand another culture? Then you ought to find out about its food. Learning about American food can give us a real taste of American culture.

“你吃什么就成为什么样子”,营养专家经常用这句话来倡导更好的饮食习惯,入嘴的东西确实成为了我们的一部分。但我们也可以从另一个角度来看这句话,我们所吃的反映出我们自己――不论就人或文化而言。你想了解另一种文化吗?那么你应该去认识他们的食物。认识美国食物可以让我们得知美国文化的精髓。

What is“American food”? At first you might think the answer is easy as pie. To many people,American food means hamburgers,hot dogs,fried chicken and pizza. If you have a “sweet tooth”,you might even think of apple pie or chocolate chip cookies. Its true that Americans do eat those things. But are those the only kind of vittles you can find in America?

何谓“美式食物”?乍听之下你可能认为答案容易得很。对许多人而言,美式食物就是汉堡、热狗、炸鸡和披萨饼。如果你是好吃甜食的人,你可能会想到苹果派或巧克力片饼干。美国人确实吃这些东西,但这些就是你在美国唯一找得到的食物吗?

Except for Thanksgiving turkey,its hard to find a typically “American” food. The United States is a land of immigrants. So Americans eat food from many different countries. When people move to America,they bring their cooking styles with them. Thats why you can find almost every kind of ethnic food in America. In some cases,Americans have adopted foods from other countries as favorites. Americans love Italian pizza,Mexican tacos and Chinese egg rolls. But the American version doesnt taste quite like the original!

除了感恩节火鸡以外,挺难找到典型的美国食物。美国是个移民之地,所以美国人吃的食物来自许多不同的国家。当人们移居美国,他们也将自己的烹调方式带了过来。那也就是为什么在美国你几乎可以看到所有不同民族的食物。在某些情况下,美国人把外国的食物视为最爱。美国人喜爱意大利的披萨,墨西哥的玉米饼和中国的春卷,但是这些东西的美国版味道却不很地道!

Americans living at a fast pace often just “grab a quick bite”. Fast food restaurants offer people on the run everything from fried chicken to fried rice. Microwave dinners and instant foods make cooking at home a snap. Of course,one of the most common quick American meals is a sandwich. If it can fit between two slices of bread,Americans probably make a sandwich out of it. Peanut butter and jelly is an alltime American favorite.

生活在快速步调之下的美国人通常只能“很快地吃几口”。快餐店为赶时间的人提供各种食物,从炸鸡到炒饭,应有尽有。微波炉晚餐和实时餐点使得在家烧饭省事又快速。当然,最平常的美式速餐之一就是三明治。任何能夹在两片土司中间的东西,美国人就可以把它作成一份三明治,花生酱和果酱更是一直都深受美国人的喜爱。

Americans on the go also tend to eat a lot of “junk food”. Potato chips,candy bars,soft drinks and other goodies are popular treats. Many people eat too many of these unhealthy snacks. But others opt for more healthy eating habits. Some even go “all natural”. They refuse to eat any food prepared with chemicals or additives.

忙碌的美国人也趋向于吃一大堆“垃圾食物”。洋芋片、糖果、汽水和其他好吃的东西都颇受欢迎。许多人吃了太多这类不健康的零食,但是其他人则选择较健康的饮食习惯,有些人甚至选择“全天然”的食物,他们拒绝吃任何有化学制品或添加物的食物。

1 “不干不净,吃了生病。”

Filthy food will make you ill.

2 “要想身体好,早餐要吃饱。”

Good breakfast makes you healthy.

3 “饭后百步走,活到九十九。”

A walk after meal makes you live longer.

4 “饭后散步,不进药铺。”

A walk after meal makes you healthy.

5 “药补不如食补。”

Good food do more than the medicine to your body.

6 “吃饭不要闹,吃饱不要跑。”

Do not make noise and run when you having a meal.

7 “气大伤神,食多伤身。”

Too much fury will harm your spirit,too much food will harm your body.

8 “人想长寿安,要减夜来餐。”

If you want to live longer and more healthy,do eat less after dinner.

eat的过去式和过去分词篇6

本单元主要围绕国庆节放假这一话题把有关谈论“过去所做的事情”的日常交际用语、词汇和语言结构有机地结合起来,重点介绍了问句What did you do…?及其I/we…

对学生来说,这一课他们将面临以下难点: 1. 正确掌握动词过去式的三种读音;2.正确理解一般过去时的意义;3. 较熟练的运用本单元所学内容。

在教学的呈现环节中,教师要特别注意身边资源的利用,选择真实、自然的情景,得体、流畅的语言帮助学生理解。在操练和运用环节,教师应结合学生的生活实际,创设各种较为真实并生动活泼的情境,培养学生用英语做事情和用英语进行交流的能力。

教学目标

1.学生通过听磁带预习和课堂上听读,能听懂、会说、会读、和会拼单词及其中动词的过去式。

2.学生通过听磁带预习和课堂上对话,能听得懂、会说、会读和会写句型What ( else) did you do….? We / I ….

3.学生通过听磁带预习和课堂上对话,能听得懂、会说、会读日常交际用语及句型Did you like the film?/It was a funny cartoon./We all like it very much/ Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.等。

4.学生通过听磁带,并通过总结归纳了解igh在单词中的读音

5.学生通过听磁带或碟片,及课堂上学习会诵读歌谣 Last week

教学重难点

了解动词过去式的构成规律

教学准备

课件、单词卡片、磁带

课时安排

教学内容:

6AUnit5BC 部分

课前预习:

1. 听磁带跟读B部分,了解每一个单词的意思。

2. 组词

collect ______ ______ cook ______ ______ milk______ ______

water ______ ______ pick ______ ______ taste ______ ______ pull up ______

教学过程:

Step 1:Warming-up

1. 预习汇报

2. Free talk and revision

T: What date is/was it today/ yesterday/ last Sunday?

学生回答

T: What do you usually do on Sundays?

S: I often collect stamps/ go shopping/ milk cows

当学生说出这些动词的时候,教师将这些动词板书,此活动旨在复习学过的动词词组。

Step 2: presentation and piactice

1.学习巩固单词

T:教师指着黑板上的动词单词询问:如Do you drink milk and eat eggs every morning?

S:Yes, I do.

T: Me, too. And I want to collect eggs and milk cows.

学习词组:collect eggs, milk cows

2.(出示桔子)Look, what ‘s this? It’s an orange.

3.(出示胡萝卜)And this is a carrot.(跟读)

Please taste them. (出示图片) taste.

Is it nice? 生答(略)

I like to eat carrots and oranges, and I like to pick oranges and pull up carrots.

(出示图片 pull up carrots, pick oranges, taste oranges and carrots , cook nice food, water flowers)

教师板书:Did you …?引导学生回答:Yes, I did../No, I didn’t.

同桌操练该句型,当学生作否定回答时,教师询问What did you do? 学习动词的过去式: Milked, picked, cooked, pulled up, watered, collected, tasted

4.Now, boys and girls. What did you do last Sunday? Can you tell me?

换板书What did you do last Sunday? What else did you do?

在学生讲的过程中,发现问题及时纠正

5.Why do we use “ed” here? Let’s watch “knowledge window”.

在英语表达中,过去的“做”和现在的“做”以及平时的“做”都是不一样的。例如:

I watch TV every Sunday. 我每个星期天看电视(一般现在时/动词原形)

I am watching TV now. 我正在看电视。(现在时进行时/动词的进行式)

I watched TV yesterday. 我昨晚看电视的。(一般过去时/动词的过去式)

一般过去时是指过去曾经发生的动作或处于的状态,它可能只限于一次,也可能是过去经常发生的。一般来说,动词的过去式就是在动词的词尾加上-ed.

6.课件显示C部分图

Today is Thursday. Mike is telling Gao Shan about what he did last week. Look at Part C. Suppose you’re Gao Shan and Mike. Practice in pairs. (板书句型)

Step 3: Consolidation

1 Boys and girls, I want to do a survey. Can you help me? 生答略

What did you do last week/yesterday/ this morning …?

What else did you do?” 老师先做一次示范,接着四人一组完成调查任务。(调查表略)

2 Do you know farm is a good place for people to spend their holidays now. Would you like to go to a farm with me? Let’s visit “Ali Baba’s Farm” , OK? Try to follow. (学生边看边听边拍手)

作业设计:

1. Read Part B and C

eat的过去式和过去分词篇7

1. 谢谢你们的帮助。

[误] Thank your help.

[正] Thank you for your help.

[析]感谢的对象是人,不是事,所以应用you作宾语。“为某事而感谢某人”应用句型“thank sb. for sth.”或“thank sb. fordoingsth.”。又如:Thankyouforinviting me to your birthday party.

2.我非常喜欢这里的天气。

[误]I very much enjoy here the weather.

[正] Ienjoytheweatherhere very much.

[析]英语语序同汉语有相同之处,又有不同之处, 尤其是定语、状语位置比较灵活。该句中very much用作状语,修饰谓语enjoy,与汉语不同的是,它必须放在谓语动词的后面,且常置于句末。here,there等作定语修饰名词时,一般应放在名词的后面。

3. 我将告诉你们一个最新消息。

[误]I’mgoingto tellyouthe newest news.

[正]I’mgoingto tell you the latest news.

[析] 汉语中的“最新消息”在英语中应用the latest news来表示。消息的“新旧”实际上指的是“获悉消息的早或晚”。

4. 我将代替他去那儿。

[误]I’ll instead of him to go there.

[正]I’ll go there instead of him.

[析]instead of虽然含有“代替”

之意,但却是介词短语,在句中不能作谓语,通常作状语。

5. 我父亲工作挺忙的。

[误]My father’swork is very busy.

[正] My fatheris verybusy with his work.

[析]英语中表示“某人忙于做某事”应用句型“be busy with sth.”或“be busy doing sth.”。

6. 你认为这部电影怎么样?

[误]Howdoyou thinkofthe film?

[正]Whatdoyouthink ofthe film?

[正] How do you like the film?

[析]这里的“怎么样”其实际意义是“对……有何种看法”,英语中要用句型“Whatdoyouthinkof ”或“How do you like ”来表示。

7. (电话用语)“你是谁?”“我是王涛。”

[误]“Whoare you ?”“I’m Wang Tao.”

[正] “Whoisthat ? ” “Thisis WangTao.”

[析]电话用语中“你是谁?”不可受汉语的影响用“Who are you ?”正确说法应该是“Who is that (speaking)?”。 “我是……”不可用“I’m ”,而应该说成“This is ”。注意英语电话用语的习惯表达。

8. 昨天中国队赢了美国队。

[误]The Chinese team won the American team yesterday.

[正]The Chinese team beat the American team yesterday.

[析] win用作及物动词,表示“赢得,获得”时不能以“对手”作为宾语,只能用games,match,war等作宾语。表示“一方胜另一方”应用“beat/ defeat sb.”。

9. 妈妈每天送我上学。

[误]My mother sends me to school every day.

[正]My mother takes me toschool every day.

[析] 英语中有的单词可与同义的汉语单词相对应,有时则有其独特含义。send是指“通过运输工具运送某物或派人到某处”,而非本人亲自去送,若不加区别与汉语“送”相等同,必然导致误用。“送某人到某地”应用“take sb. to+地点”。

10. 这些蛋糕一定很好吃。

[误]Thesecakesmustbevery delicious to eat.

[正]Thesecakesmustbevery delicious.

[析] delicious已有“可口的、好吃的”意思,故不须再用eat。

11. 她为孩子们担心。

[误] She is worriedforher children.

[正] Sheisworriedaboutherchildren.

[析] 表示“为某事担心”应该用“be worried about”或“worry about”,不用“be worried for” 或“worry for”。Don’t worry about his health.

12. 请(随便)吃点肉。

[误]Please eat some meat.

[正]Help yourself to some meat,please.

[析] 宴席上,请客人吃菜,习惯上常说“help oneself to sth.”即“请随意吃……”。

13. 我父亲正在看报纸。

[误] Myfatherislookingat /seeing the newspaper.

[正] Myfatherisreadingthe newspaper.

[析] 在英语中,看书(报)用“read the newspaper/ a book”;看电视、看比赛用watch TV/a match;看电影、看病用see a doctor。

14.我认为他不能按时完成这项工作。

[误]I think he can’t finish the work on time.

[正] I don’t think he can finish the work on time.

[析]陈述句部分如果是“I think(believe, suppose, expect)+宾语从句”时, 其否定形式应将否定词not加在主句谓语动词前面,用否定主句谓语的方式来否定后面宾语从句的内容。

15. 当我们到达山顶时,太阳已从东方升起。

[误]Whenwegottothemountain, the sun had risen from the east.

[正] When we got to the mountain, the sun had risen in the east.

[析] “太阳从东方升起”应用“in the east”,而不用“from the east”。

16. 那栋建筑物像一所学校。

[误] The building like a school.

eat的过去式和过去分词篇8

对于农村小学生来说,英语的学习不但要让学生在课堂上学习语言,还要教会学生把课堂上学到的语言知识运用到学习生活实际中去,运用到学习中去,在学校教师可以为其创造良好的英语环境,可谈起生活,真是困难重重。农村的英语生活环境可以说相当匮乏,大多数学生甚至根本没有,父母的文化水平低,有的连英语是什么都不知道,哪来的英语环境?在这种情况下,怎样让学生把课堂上学到的语言知识运用到生活中去,怎样和家长交流英语,这也是小学英语课堂教学要解决的问题。因此,农村小学英语课堂教学不仅要传授给学生英语知识,还要为学生创设适合农村特点的英语实践和应用的生活环境。那么,如何提高农村小学英语课堂的教学效率?我通过十年的英语教学实践也做了一点点的探索和尝试,在此,我也非常愿意和同行们一起来分享,并共同探讨和研究。

一、强化单位时间内的语感训练

如何提高课堂教学效率?提高单位时间内的训练量是一个很好地途径。例如:在进行四年级下册Unit 1 My school , Part A Let`s learn 中second floor, first floor,teachers`office,library,gym这几个单词的教学时,我为了培养学生的拼读水平,在品读准确的基础上采取在一定时间内看谁读的遍数多。教师喊:Let`s go,30秒到喊Stop,最后学生用手指展示自己读几遍。这样既训练了学生的语感,又锻炼了学生的舌头灵活程度,不仅开发了学生的智力,而且也培养了学生的竞争意识。

这种单次训练比赛有时也按组进行,(每个小组的人数均等,水平相当,好差生均衡平均分配,如果不均衡,会影响学生的情绪。)每个单词读两遍,从前到后依次小组成员拼读,比哪个组先完成,先完成的获胜。周末累计一下成绩,进行评比。每个小组经过努力都有获胜的可能。这样大大调动了学生比学赶帮超的学习热情,经常会看到有的学生为了提高本组的学困生,课下游戏时还互相帮助,互相练习,经过长时间的坚持,学生学习水平有了很大程度的提高,学习兴趣越来越浓。

强化单位时间内的语感训练,学生的拼读说的能力有了明显的提高,课堂上学生学习的专注度也有了良好的改善,因而从很大程度上提高了课堂效率。

二、适当降低起点,分散难点,让学生逐步提高

英语学科对于农村小学生来说是一个全新的课程,有相当多的学生从三年级刚刚开始接触英语(只有寥寥无几的学生曾经参加过英语课外辅导)因此学习起来较为吃力。就拿五年级下册Unit 1 This is my day Part A Read and write 中,教学 When do you eat dinner ? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening 时, 此句子是要求会说、会读、会背、会写的句子。我采取了降低起点,分散难点的方法,先学习在几点用“at 7:00\8:10\.....”再学习在上午、下午、晚上,用“in the morning\in the afternoon\in the evening”,接下来学习”eat dinner,eat breakfast,eat lunch”,把这些词组训练纯熟之后,最后教给学生如何把这些词组连成句子,整句如何拼读,如何应用,这样化繁为简,分散难点的方法,大大提高了课堂效率,学生就可以轻松地在课堂40分钟内理解和掌握,提高了课堂效率。

三、巧用顺口溜或儿歌,增强趣味性

由于小学生的年龄特点,他们对于生僻的知识记忆力较差,而对于朗朗上口的儿歌或顺口溜则情有独钟,我在教学单词时,不仅仅局限于拼读背,还给单词配了许多儿歌和顺口溜,例如,在教学三年级上册My face 一课 Part A 中 face ,eye ,ear ,nose, mouth 五个单词 时,我编了儿歌:头发 hair黑又长, ear 和eye 各一双,nose 下面是 mouth 红红的脸蛋是face。这样学生很容易接受,而且兴趣较为浓厚,课堂上很轻松地掌握了这五个单词而且运用自如。

巧用儿歌和顺口溜符合学生的年龄水平和兴趣特点,学生乐于接受,因此提高了课堂效率,而且这一方法如果长期坚持,学生也会在今后的学习过程中自创儿歌或顺口溜,把学英语变成了一种轻松愉悦的活动享受。

四、角色转换,培养兴趣

由于农村英语学习生活环境的限制,在前半学期我每周把课堂上的一个教学环节复制在同学之间,姐妹兄弟之间,孩子和家长之间,师生之间,学生变学习者为教授者,课堂环节复制周五利用一节课表演,然后进行评比,这样既巩固了学习内容,又培养了学生主导学习的能力。在后半学期,每周一次把课堂上的一个环节复制并改编,让学生成为学习改革先锋,比一比谁的复制改编效果好,这样从某种程度上,开发了学生的潜能,对于学生的发展和创新能力的培养有很大的帮助。

五、鼓励学生把英语当做娱乐

eat的过去式和过去分词篇9

请注意这些词语之间的区别:

1) how often 意为“多久(一次)”,用来询问某动作间隔多久进行一次,通常用来对一些表示频率的副词进行提问,如 always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never 等;也可以对表示“多久几次”之类的状语进行提问,如 twice a year(一年二次)。例如:

―How often does Li Ming do his homework at home? 李明多久在家做一次作业?

―Five times a week. 一周五次。

2) how soon 意为“过多久”,含将来意味。通常用“in + 一段时间”应答 howsoon 引起的特殊疑问句。例如:

―How soon can you be ready? 过多长时间你能准备好?

―In five minutes. 过五分钟。

3) how long 意为“多久,多长时间”,用于对句中的时间段进行提问,询问某一动作或状态持续了多长时间。例如:

―How long have you been here, David? 你来这儿多久了,大卫?

―About three months. 大约三个月。

4) how many 意为“多少”,后跟复数名词,用来对句中的基数词提问。例如:

How many rooms are there in your home? 你家有多少个房间?

How many floors are there in this building? 这幢楼有多少层?

5) how much 意为“多少”,后跟不可数名词,用来对句中不能以基数词来衡量多少的事物进行提问。也可以用来询问价格或运算结果。例如:

How much bread do you want to buy? 你要买多少面包?

How much is the computer? 这台电脑多少钱?

How much is two plus three? 2加3等于多少?

6) how many times 意为“多少次”,常用来对句中 once(一次), twice(两次), three times(三次)等状语进行提问。例如:

―How many times did you go to Beijing? 你到北京去过多少次?

―Oh, several times. 噢,去过好几次了。

2. sometimes, sometime, some times, some time

1) sometimes 是一个频度副词,意为“有时”,可置于句首、句中或句末。例如:

We often go there by bus, but sometimes on foot. 我们经常乘公共汽车去那儿,但有时步行去。

He is sometimes late for school. 他有时上学迟到。

2) sometime 是一个副词,意为“在某个时候”、“日后”,指一个不确定的时间,常与过去时谓语动词或将来时谓语动词搭配,位于其所属的时间状语之前。例如:

I saw her in the street sometime last month. 上个月的某个时候我在大街上看见过她。

We shall have a school meeting sometime next week. 我们将于下周某个时候开校务会议。

3) some times 意为“几次”、“几倍”。其中 time 是可数名词,意为“次”、“回”。例如:

I met him some times in the street last month. 上个月我在街上遇到过他几次。

During their stay in China, they went to the Great Wall some times. 在中国逗留期间,他们到长城去过好几次。

This factory is some times larger than that one. 这个工厂比那个工厂大几倍。

4) some time 意为“一些时候”、“一段时间”,在句中与延续性动词连用。例如:

I’ll stay here for some time. 我将在这儿呆一段时间。

Last summer I went to Italy and worked there for some time. 去年夏天我去了意大利,在那里工作了一段时间。

3. maybe, may be

maybe 是个副词,意为“也许”、“可能”,相当于 perhaps,在句中作状语。例如:

Maybe the young man is our new English teacher. 也许那个年轻人是我们新来的英语老师。

may be 意为“可能是、也许是”。其中 may是情态动词,与be一起构成谓语。例如:

She may be in the classroom now. 现在她也许在教室里。

4. as, like

这两个词都可作“像(和)……一样”解。但应注意二者之间的差异。

1) as 作连词用,意为“如”、“像”,可以引导行为方式状语从句。例如:

We should study as he studied. 我们应该像他那样学习。

Do as I say. 照我说的去做。

as 还可以引导比较状语从句,从句中的动词或整个谓语部分往往可以省略。例如:

This room is as big as that one(is). 这个房间和那个房间一样大。

as 作介词用时,意思是“作为”、“以……地位(身份)”。例如:

As a student, you must study hard. 作为一名学生,你必须努力学习。

I’ll help you as a friend. 我要以一个朋友的身份帮助你。

2) like 作为介词,意为“像……一样”,后接名词、代词等。例如:

Like some other animals, wolves are afraid of fire. 就像某些别的动物一样,狼也怕火。

He can swim like a fish. 他能像鱼一样地游泳。

注意: as 与 like 后面接名词或代词时,两者在意思上有很大差异。试比较:

Let me speak to you as a teacher. 我作为一个老师同你说话。(“我”就是老师。)

Let me speak to you like a teacher. 让我像一位老师那样同你说话。(其实“我”不是老师。)

5. different, difference

different 只用作形容词,意为“不同的”、“有差异的”。例如:

Are you in different grades? 你们在不同的年级吗?

Our shop sells a lot of different things. 我们商店卖很多不同的东西。

be different from 是常见的固定搭配,意为“和……不同”。例如:

Their farm is different from yours. 他们的农场与你们的不一样。

difference 是与 different 同源的名词,可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词,意为“差别”、“差异”、“不同之处”。例如:

There are many differences between English and Chinese. 英汉两种语言之间有很多差别。

One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘,谬以千里。

6. hard, hardly

从形式上看, hardly 似乎为 hard 的副词形式,其实并非如此。

hard 可用作形容词,也可用作副词。用作形容词时,意为“难的”、“硬的”、“勤奋的”、“严厉的”;用作副词时,意为“努力地”、“猛烈地”。例如:

The question was too hard for me to answer. 那问题太难了,我回答不出来。

He’s a hard father. 他是一位严父。

It rained hard last night. 昨晚天下大雨。

My daughter studies very hard. 我女儿学习非常用功。

hardly 只用作副词,意为“几乎不”,相当于 almost not,本身含有否定意味。例如:

I can hardly agree with you. 我几乎不能同意你的意见。

But after we left the mountains behind us, there was hardly a cloud in the sky. 可是在我们走过群山之后,天空中几乎连一片云彩也没有。

7. be good for, be bad for, be good at, be good to

1) be good for 意为“有益于……”、“对……有好处”,后接代词、名词或动词的-ing形式。其反义词组为 be bad for,意为“对……有害“。例如:

Exercise in the morning is good for our health. 晨练对我们的健康有益。

This food is bad for children. 这种食品对儿童有害。

2) be good at 意为“在……方面好”、“擅长于”,后面接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。 be good to 是“对……友善/好”的意思,后面通常接表示“人”的名词作宾语。例如:

Are you good at singing? 你擅长唱歌吗?

Be good to elder people. 要善待年长者。

8. have, eat, drink, take

英语中,have, eat, drink, take 等动词都可以表示“吃”、“喝”的意思。但是在使用这些词时,应注意以下几点:

1) have 既可以指“吃”,又可以指“喝”。在英国,人们习惯上用 have 来代替 drink;而在美国,人们却常用 eat 来代替 have。但应注意:与 meal 和表示三餐名称的名词(breakfast, lunch, supper)连用时,只能用 have,而不能用其他的词。例如:

We have three meals a day. 我们一天吃三顿饭。

Have a cup of tea, please. 请喝杯茶。

They have breakfast at seven in the morning. 他们早上七点钟吃早饭。

2) eat 也有“吃”、“喝”之意,在美国比较常用。当 eat 作“喝”讲时,只限于“喝汤”、“喝奶”。例如:

Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends. 有时候我们和朋友们一起到外面去吃饭。

I eat rice, meat and vegetables. 我吃米饭,肉和蔬菜。

The girl eats like a bird. 这女孩吃得很少。

My mother likes to eat soup. 我妈妈喜欢喝汤。(注意:“喝汤”的“喝”要用 eat 表示,不能用 drink。)

3) drink 意为“喝”,多用于指喝酒、水、茶、牛奶或各种饮料的“喝”,它没有“吃”的意思。另外, drink 还可以用作名词,意为“饮料”。例如:

Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点什么吗?

Let’s have a drink. 让我们喝一杯吧。

We need food and drinks. 我们需要食物和饮料。

4) take 当“吃”、“喝”讲时,不如 have, eat 正式,但表示“吃药”的“吃”时,应该用 take。例如:

Take the medicine, and you will be all right. 你把这药吃了,就会好的。

Take the medicine three times a day. 这种药一天吃三次。

注意:在表示“随意吃……”时,应用 help yourself/ yourselves(to...)。例如:

Help yourself to some fish, please. 请随意吃些鱼。

9. should

should 用作情态动词时,可表示“劝告”或“建议”。意为“应该”、“应当”。例如:

We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。

You should spend more time on English. 你应该在英语上多花点时间。

You should answer my question in English. 你应当用英语回答我的问题。

should 也可用来提出意见或劝告别人。例如:

It would be better if the three of you should work as a team. 最好你们三个人能组成一个小组去干活。

委婉地对别人提出建议或劝告时,通常用“I should/ shouldn’t... if I were you”句式。例如:

I shouldn’t worry at all if I were you. 我要是你的话,我才不着急呢。

10. ago, before

这两个词均可用来表示“在……以前”。二者之间的区别在于:

1) ago 是个副词,仅仅用于“一段时间 + ago”短语中,与一般过去时的谓语动词连用。例如:

He left here ten minutes ago. 他十分钟前离开了这里。

We borrowed some books from the library a week ago. 一周前我们从图书馆借了一些书。

2) before 用作副词时,指从过去某时算起的若干时间以前,习惯上多在间接引语中与过去完成时的谓语动词搭配使用。例如:

They said they had worked in the factory six years before. 他们说他们六年前就在这个工厂工作。

She said your uncle had left here a moment before. 她说你叔叔刚才离开这里。

before 用作副词时,还可以单独使用,用在谓语动词为一般过去时的句子中;它还可以泛指“从前”,用在谓语动词为现在完成时的句子里,但是 ago 不可以这样用。例如:

Why didn’t you tell me that before? 你以前为什么不把那件事告诉我呢?

I have never seen such beautiful flowers before. 我以前从没有见过这么漂亮的花。

before 用作介词时,多与表示一个时间点的词语连用。例如:

What did you do before ten this morning? 今天上午十点以前你干什么了?

The day before yesterday was Sunday. 前天是星期天。

before 也能用作从属连词,用来引导时间状语从句。例如:

Where did you study before you came here? 你来这儿之前在哪里学习?

11. way, street, road

三者都为名词,意为“路”,但所指的“路”各不相同:

1) way 主要指从一个地方到另一个地方的路径,不含“街道”之意,也可以指“大路、小路或崎岖的路”等。例如:

Which is the way to the hospital? 哪一条是去医院的路?

They’re coming this way. 他们正朝这条路走来。

way 也可用来指抽象的、不具体的“路”、“路途”,并且可以表示“方式”、“方法”、“手段”等。例如:

Use your head, then you’ll find a way. 动动脑筋,你就会找到办法的。

It is another way of saying “quick”. 它是“快”的另一种说法。

street 多用来指城市、市镇里的“街道”或“马路”。这些“街道”、“马路”比较宽阔,而且两侧有建筑物。例如:

He found a wallet in the street yesterday. 昨天他在大街上发现一个钱包。

Don’t play in the street. 不要在街道上玩耍。

road 主要指供车辆和行人通过的“路”,也可指“乡村道路”,两侧可以有建筑物,也可以没有建筑物。例如:

This is the road to her village. 这就是去她那个村的路。

A police car is running on the road. 一辆警车正在公路上奔驰。

12. little, a little, few, a few

四者都能用来修饰或代替名词,它们之间的异同是:

little 和 a little 只能用来修饰或代替不可数名词,指的是“量”。 little 意为“很少有”、“几乎没有”,表示否定意义; a little 意为“一点儿”、“少量的”,表示肯定意义。试比较:

Lucy has little paper. Please give some to her. 露西几乎没有纸了,请给她一些。

Those men can know only a little English. 那些人只懂得一点英语。

few 和 a few 只能用来修饰或代替可数名词复数,指的是“数”。 few 意为“少数的”、“没几个的”,表示否定意义; a few 意为“一些”、“有几个的”,表示肯定意义。试比较:

Few people can live to be 150. 几乎没有什么人能活到150岁。

I’m going to buy a few apples this afternoon. 今天下午我打算去买几个苹果。

a little 也可用作副词,修饰形容词、副词或动词,而 a few 不可以这样用。例如:

The girl is a little hungry now. 这个女孩现在有点饿。

Get up a little early, and you’ll catch the train. 早点起床,你就能赶上那趟火车了。

I like boating a little. 我有点喜欢划船。

13. listen, listen to, hear

listen 和 hear 均为动词,都可以表示“听”的意思,但含义和用法并不完全相同。

1) listen 只用作不及物动词,后面不能接人或物作宾语,着重于“留神听”、“倾听”,指的是有意识的动作,但并不强调结果。例如:

Listen! There is a knock at the front door. 听!有人敲前门。

We must listen carefully in class. 我们在课堂上必须认真地听讲。

listen 常和介词 to 连用,后面可接人或物作宾语。例如:

We enjoy listening to light music. 我们酷爱听轻音乐。

They are listening to the teacher. 他们在听老师讲话。

2) hear 可以用作及物动词,也可以用作不及物动词,意为“听见”、“听到”,指的是无意识的动作,但着重于听的能力和结果。例如:

All of us hear with our ears. 我们都用耳朵来听。

He listened but heard nothing. 他听了听,可什么也没听见。

hear 还可用来表示“听说”、“闻知”、“得到消息”、“接到信”的意思,而listen不可以这样用。例如:

I heard the story last year. 我是去年听说这个故事的。

They have never heard about her. 他们从没有听到过她的消息。

14. question, problem

二者都可用作名词,意为“问题”,有时候它们可以互换。例如:

The question/problem is that we don’t know who did it. 问题是我们不知道谁干的这件事。

但它们的用法也有所不同,具体区别如下:

question 所指的“问题”总是与“疑问”联系着。可以说 ask a question, 也可以说 answer a question。例如:

May I ask you any questions? 我可不可以问你几个问题?

Answer your teacher’s questions. 回答你老师的问题。

当 question 与no连用时,意为“无疑”。例如:

There is no question of his coming. 他来是无疑的。

question 还能用作动词,表示“提问”、“询问”之意。例如:

Can we question you on that point? 对那个论点我们可以向你提问吗?

problem 所指的“问题”总是与困难联系着,可以说有“困难”有待解决。它可以指因患病或不适而令人担忧的事,或者指社会或生活中的难题,也可指与数目、事实等有关的问题,以及数学题和其它通过计算解答的习题。例如:

I’m afraid you have a problem: you’re eating too much. 恐怕你的问题是你吃得太多。

Life is full of problems. For example, we have some family problems. 生活中充满难题。例如我们就有些家庭问题。

I can’t work out this math problem. 我解答不了这道数学题。

当 problem 与no连用时,表示没有困难,容易做得到。例如:

No problem! Tell me, do I have to take them before or after meals? 没问题!告诉我,这些东西我是在饭前还是在饭后吃?

15. be angry with, be angry at

这两个短语均表示“对……生气”之意,但它们在用法上有区别。

be angry with 后面习惯上接“人”作宾语,指“对某人生气”或“生某人的气”。例如:

He was very angry with the man upstairs. 他对楼上的那个人很生气。

Are you still angry with me? 你仍然在生我的气吗?

be angry at 后面习惯上接“事”作宾语,指“为某事而生气”。例如:

Don’t be angry at his mistake. 你不要因他的错误而生气。

I was angry at what she said. 我对她所说的话很生气。

注意: be angry 后面的动词不定式或从句表示生气的原因。例如:

He’ll be angry to find that nothing has been done. 发现什么也没有做,他会生气的。

16. till, until

till 和 until 均可用作介词和连词,意思基本相同,一般可以互换。二者出现在肯定句中时,意为“到……为止”,谓语动词一般是延续性动词;二者出现在否定句中时,意为“直到……才”,谓语动词一般是终止性动词。例如:

Go down this street until/ till you reach the second traffic light. 沿着这条大街往前走,一直走到第二个交通灯处。

You mustn’t eat anything until/till you see the doctor. 直到你看了医生才允许吃东西。

但是在下面两种情况下,只可用until, 不可用till。

A) 位于句首时。例如:

Until now I know nothing about it. 直到现在我对此事还一无所知。

B) “It is not... until... that...”句式中不可用 till 取代 until。例如:

It was not until the bell rang that the children stopped playing. 直到上课铃响了孩子们才停止玩耍。

17. advice

1) advice 意为“劝告”、“建议”,是不可数名词,不能说 an advice, many/ a few advices。若表示“一条建议”,则用 a piece of advice; “两条建议”为 two pieces of advice; “一些建议”为 some advice。

2) 与 advice 搭配构成的短语有: ask...for advice 意为“(向)……征求建议”, give advice 意为“提出忠告”,take/ follow one’s advice 意为“接受/ 采纳(他人的)忠告/建议”。例如:

I’ll ask my teacher for advice when I have difficulty in doing something. 每当我做事遇到困难时,我就向老师征求建议。

What good advice can you give to your friends? 你能向你的朋友提出哪些明智的建议?

3) 当 advice 表示“有关……的建议”时,后接“介词 on + 名词、代词”或连“接代词或连接副词 + 动词不定式”。例如:

Our teacher usually gives us some good advice on the study of maths. 老师常就数学学习给我们提些好的建议。

Let’s ask for her advice on what to do next. 我们就下一步该怎么做征求她的意见。

4) advice 的动词形式是 advise, 意为“建议”、“劝告”。指用道理劝告对方改正错误或接受意见,至于对方是否接受,则不明确。其后常跟名词、代词或V-ing形式作宾语。例如:

The doctor advised that he should take a complete rest. 医生建议他全休。

I advised waiting until six o’clock. 我建议一直等到六点钟。

18. so

so 既可用作副词,又可用作连词,表示“这样”、“如此”、“因此”、“所以”等意思。

1) so 作副词用,意为“这样”、“如此”,常用来代替整个句子或某一情况的全部,在口语中常与 think, hope, say, be afraid 等词语连用,使说话人的语气显得客气、委婉。例如:

―I think English is more useful than Chinese. What about you? 我认为英语比汉语更有用,你说呢?

―I don’t think so. I think they are both useful. 我不这样想,我认为这两种语言都有用。

―Will it be fine tomorrow? 明天天气会好吗?

―I hope so. 但愿如此。

2) so作连词用时,意为“因而”、“所以”、“为了”、“以便”等。例如:

Wang Tao’s pen was broken, so he needed a new one. 王涛的钢笔坏了,所以他需要买一支新的。

注意:汉语中的“因为……,所以……”译成英语时,用了 because 就不能用 so,用了 so 就不能用 because。请注意下面汉语句子的英译:

因为他病了,所以没去上学。

误: Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

正: Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.

正: He was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

3) so 作副词用时,可以在句子中修饰形容词或副词。 so 表示程度,意为“这么”、“那么”、“如此地”。例如:

When he came back, I was so tired. 他回来的时候,我累极了。

so 常用于口语中,意为“非常”、“很”。例如:

―I found it in my bag five minutes ago. 五分钟前我在我的包里找到了它。

―I’m so glad. 我很高兴。

在“so + 助动词/be 动词/情态动词 + 主语”的倒装结构中, so 表示前面所述的肯定情况也适用于后者。例如:

I’m good at English, and so is my sister. 我英语学得好,我妹妹英语学得也好。

I like English and so does she. 我喜欢英语,她也喜欢。

We can speak Chinese, so can Kate. 我们会讲汉语,凯特也会。

注意:这一结构中的主语可以是名词或人称代词,但它和上文的主语不是同一个“人”或“物”。例如:

―She bought a computer. 她买了一台电脑。

―So did I. 我也买了一台。

4) 在“so + 主语 + 助动词/be 动词/情态动词”结构中,so 用于对前面所述事实的肯定,含有“的确如此”之意。例如:

―He will go to Hangzhou for a holiday tomorrow. 他明天要去杭州度假。

―So he will. 的确如此。

5) 在“主语 + do 的某种形式 + so”结构中, so 用来避免重复前文中提到的情况。例如:

The teacher asked us to read the text and we did so. 老师让我们读这篇课文,我们就读了。

19. back, behind

二者都可以表示“后面”的意思,但具体用法不同。

1) back 可用作名词、副词、形容词或动词。通常出现在下列场合:

① back 作名词用时,意为“后背”,“后面”或“后部”。例如:

His back hurt yesterday. 昨天他的后背痛。

Do you know the little boy on his back? 你认识他背上背着的那个小男孩吗?

Liu Fang sat at the back of the classroom. 当时刘芳是坐在教室的后面。

② back 作副词用时,意为“返回”或“向后”。含 back 的短语有 be back(返回), come back(回来), go back(回去), get back(返回), bring back(拿回来), take back(收回), fight back(回击)等。例如:

It’s September now. We are all back at school. 现在是九月份,我们都回到了学校。

When are you coming back? 你什么时候回来?

Keep back. It’s dangerous! 不要往前走,有危险!

③ back也可作形容词用,意为“后面的”或“过期的”。例如:

There are some pictures on the back wall. 后墙上有一些图画。

④ back还可用作动词,意为“支持”或“后退”。例如:

I’ll back you up. 我会支持你的。

He backed up three steps. 他后退了三步。

2) behind 的用法

① behind可以用作介词,意为“(位置)在……的后面”。例如:

The ball is behind the door. 球在门后面。

介词 behind 还可以用来表示时间,意为“在……后面”。例如:

That day the train was behind its time. 那一天火车误点了。

② behind 还可以用作副词,意为“在后面”或“往后面”。例如:

Come here, please. Don’t sit behind. 请过来,别坐在后面。

Look behind. 往后看。(相当于:Look back.)

behind 用作副词时,仍保持原来介词的含义(在……后面)。例如:

The boy is running behind(the bike). 那男孩跟在(自行车)后面跑。

The people followed behind(him). 那些人跟在(他)后面走。

20. moment

moment 的意思是“片刻”、“瞬间”,用作可数名词时,其前可用不定冠词 a,定冠词 the 或基数词 one 等来说明动作的短暂。具体用法有:

1) 与不定冠词a或基数词 one 一起用时,构成简略的祈使句,表示“请求对方稍等一会儿”的意思。例如:

Just a moment, please. 请稍等一会儿。

One moment, please. 请等一会儿。

2) 将 a moment 置于动词之后,作状语用。例如:

Wait a moment, please. 请稍候。

3) moment 常与 at, for 等介词或 ago, later 等副词搭配,构成固定短语,用作时间状语。

① at the moment 意为“此刻”、“现在”,相当于时间副词 now,常用来说明目前的状态及正在发生的动作。例如:

What is the most popular song at the moment? 目前最流行的歌曲是什么?

I’m afraid he’s out at the moment. 恐怕他现在是出去了。

② at that moment 意为“在那时”、“在那一瞬间”、“其时”,相当于 at that time,表示过去某一特定的时刻发生的动作,常用在谓语动词为一般过去时的句子里。例如:

At that moment Lucy came into the classroom. 在那时,露西走进了教室。

Just at that moment, the door opened and in came Mr Smith. 正在那时,门开了,史密斯先生走了进来。

③ at any moment 意为“任何时候”、“随时”,相当于 at any time,指说话这一时刻之后的任何时候,常用于谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子里。例如:

You may meet me at any moment. 你可以随时来见我。

He will come back at any moment. 他随时都会回来的。

④ for a moment 意为“一会儿”、“暂时”,常用在一般现在时、一般将来时或一般过去时的谓语动词之后,表示动作延续的时间。例如:

Won’t you come in and stay for a moment? 你不进来呆一会儿吗?

He stood there for a moment and went in. 他在那儿站了一会儿,然后走了进去。

⑤ a moment later 意为“片刻之后”、“一会儿之后”,相当于 after a while,常用于谓语动词为一般过去时的句子中,作状语用。例如:

A moment later, the Class 4 runner fell and hurt his leg, but he quickly got up and went on running. 一会儿之后,四班的赛跑运动员跌伤了腿,但他迅速爬起来,继续向前跑。

⑥ a moment ago 意为“刚才”、“一会儿之前”,在谓语动词为一般过去时的句子中,相当于 just now, 作状语用。例如:

She was here a moment ago. 她刚才在这里。

He told me about it a moment ago. 刚才他将那件事告诉了我。

21. late, later, later on

1) late 可以用作形容词或副词,意思是“晚(的)”、“迟(的)”。例如:

He was often late for school last term. 上学期他上学经常迟到。

On New Year’s Eve, all the family stay up late to welcome the New Year. 除夕夜,全家人都熬到很晚,以迎接新年的到来。

2) later 常用作副词,意为“以后、后来”,常用于谓语动词为一般过去时或一般将来时的句子中。它也常和表示一段时间的名词连用,构成“段时间 + later”短语,作状语用。例如:

Later I have to go to the Children’s Palace to learn the piano. 稍后我得到少年宫去学钢琴。

His brother came back three days later. 三天后,她弟弟又回来了。

3) later on 表示“以后,稍后”,一般指将来时间,在句中作状语用。例如:

It will get colder later on. 晚些时候,天气会更冷。

22. for vacation, on vacation

for vacation 意为“度过假期”,表示目的。 for 构成的介词短语常用来表示做某事的目的。例如:

―What’s she doing for vacation? 她假期里打算干什么?

―She’s babysitting her sister. 她要照顾妹妹。

on vacation 意为“在度假”。例如:

Where did you go on vacation? 假期你去哪儿了?

23. away

1) away 是个副词,意为“向远处”、“离开”、“不在”。例如:

I’ll only be away for a few minutes. 我只离开一会儿。

He is away in the countryside. 他远在乡下。

2) away 与 keep, stay 连用时,意为“避开”、“离开”。例如:

The boy stayed away from school today. 这男孩今天没去上学。

Keep away from fire. 离开火。

3) away 与 go, get, run, walk 等动词连用,意为“……开”、“……掉”。例如:

Don’t go away. 别走开。

I don’t think I can get away. 我想我走不掉了。

4) away 与 take, put, send, throw 等动词连用,意为“把……掉”、“把……走”。例如:

You can take away the book with you. 你可以随身把书拿走。

The teacher wanted to send the naughty boy away. 老师想把那个调皮的男生撵走。

You must put away your things. 你必须收拾好你的东西。

5) away 可表示“离……有多远”。例如:

How far away is your home from here? 你家离这儿有多远?

注意: 在 be away from 这个短语中, away 前面可出现“far”或“...kilometers”等,但“far”和“...kilometers”不能同时出现在一个句子中。不能说:Jilin is 2,000 kilometers far away from Beijing. 但可以说:Jilin is 2,000 kilometers away from Beijing.(吉林离北京两千公里远。)也可以说:Jilin is far away from Beijing.(吉林离北京很远。)

24. send

send 是及物动词,意为“送”、“寄”、“派”,其过去式为 sent。“把某物送给某人”可以用“sendsth”或“send sth to sb”表示。例如:

I’ll send him some books.(=I’ll send some books to him.) 我将给他寄一些书。

I couldn’t come myself, so I sent my friend. 当时我自己来不了,所以让我的朋友来了。

含 send 的常见短语有:send for(派人去叫/ 请), send away(撵走,开除), send up(发射), send out(分发), send off(送别)等。例如:

She is badly ill. Please send for a doctor at once. 她病得很重,请立即派人请个医生来。

Edison’s teacher thought that he wasn’t clever, so he sent him away from school. 爱迪生的老师认为他不聪明,所以把爱迪生赶出了学校。

The sun sends out light and warmth. 太阳发出光和热。

―When did China send up her Shenzhou-Ⅵ spaceship? 中国是什么时候发射“神州六号”宇宙飞船的?

―On October 12th, 2005. 在2005年10月12日。

Many of his friends went to the airport to send him off. 他的许多朋友前往机场为他送行。

25. think, think about, think of

think 既可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词,其词义是“想、思考、认为、料想”等。 think 作及物动词用时,其后可跟名词、代词、动词不定式和从句等作宾语。例如:

He thought his way out of the trouble. 他动脑筋想办法,摆脱了困境。

Stop worrying about the matter, or you’ll think yourself sick. 别为这件事着急,否则你会急出毛病来的。

I never thought to see you here. 我从没有想到在这里碰到你。

I think that it’s a good idea. 我认为那是一个好主意。

think about 与 think of 是习惯用语,前者表示“考虑、思考”,后者表示“想起、记得、考虑、关心”。例如:

We are thinking about a plan for our holidays. 我们正在考虑度假的计划。

I thought of my hometown when I saw the beautiful scenery. 看见这美丽的景色,使我想起了我的家乡。

26. forget

forget 是个及物动词,意为“忘记”、“忘却”,后接名词或代词作宾语。例如:

I forget his name. 我忘了他的名字。

Don’t forget me. 别忘了我。

注意: forget to do sth 意为“忘记要做某事”,即动词不定式所表示的动作还未做; forget doing sth 意为“忘记做过某事”,即动词-ing所表示的动作已做过,但说话时把此事忘了。例如:

I forgot to tell him about it. 我忘记把此事告诉他了。(尚未告诉)

I forgot meeting you in some place. 我忘了在哪儿见过你。(已经见过,但现在忘了)

He forgot to close the door. 他忘记关门了。(门还开着)

He forgot closing the door. 他忘记自己已把门关上了。(门已关上)

27. plan

1) plan 可用作名词,意为“计划”、“规划”、“方案”等。例如:

You should make a plan for your studies. 你应该制订一个学习计划。

What are your plans for vacation? 你的假期计划是什么?

His plan is to do some reading first. 他的计划是先看些书。

Do you know the five-year plan of our factory? 你知道我们厂的五年规划吗?

We don’t have any plan for the weekend. Why don’t you come over to discuss it with us? 我们周末没有什么打算。你为何不过来与我们协商一下呢?

2) plan 也可用作动词,意为“计划”、“设计”。例如:

We are planning to visit the zoo tomorrow. 我们打算明天去参观动物园。

I plan to have my holiday in Qingdao. 我计划去青岛度假。

―Have you planned yet? 你们计划好了吗?

―Not yet. 还没呢。

28. finish

finish 可用作动词,意为“完成”,后面可接名词或动词的 -ing 形式作宾语。有时 finish 也可用作不及物动词。例如:

His work finishes at a quarter to five.(= He finishes his work at four forty-five.) 他四点三刻下班。

When are you going to finish your housework? 你什么时候做完家务?

Can you finish reading the book in three days? 你能在三天内读完这本书吗?

I can come and talk with you when I finish. 完了就来和你聊天。

They will finish talking in ten minutes. 他们过十分钟就要谈完了。

注意: finish 后面不能接动词不定式,即不能说 finish to do sth。

29. leave

1) leave 可用作及物动词,意为“留下、留给、放”,常与表示地点的介词短语连用。 leaveby oneself(=leavealone)意为“把某人单独留下”。例如:

He left his gloves in the hotel. 他把他的手套落在旅馆里了。

They are very busy with work and always leave their son home by himself. 他们工作非常忙,总是把儿子一个人留在家中。

注意: 汉语中的“遗留”可以用 leave 或 forget 表示。不过, leave 多与表示场所的副词或介词短语连用; forget 通常不与表示场所的副词连用,但外出忘记带某物时通常用 forget。试比较:

I left my umbrella in the train yesterday. 昨天我把我的雨伞落在火车上了。

I forgot to bring my umbrella. 我忘了带雨伞了。

2) leave 可以用作及物动词或不及物动词,意为“离开、出发”。“leave... for”意为“动身、出发(去某地)”。例如:

He left Paris for New York. 他离开巴黎前往纽约。

3) leave 属非延续性动词,它不能和表示一段时间的词语连用。如果要表示离开一段时间,就要用 be away 表示。例如:

我将离开这儿一段时间。

误: I’ll leave here for some time.

正: I’ll be away from here for some time.

4) leave还可用作名词,意为“休假、假期、许可、同意”等。例如:

eat的过去式和过去分词篇10

Unit 1 Can you play the guitar ?1、can+动词原形,它不随主语和数而变化。(1)含有can的肯定句:主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。(2)变一般疑问句时,把can提前:Can+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+can。否定回答:No,主语+can't.(3)含有can的否定句:主语+can't+动词的原形+其他。(4)含有can的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他?2、may+动词的原形。(may为情态动词)一般疑问句是把may提前,肯定回答是:Yes,主语 +may。否定回答是:No,主语+mustn't。或please don't。join+某个组织,俱乐部,party,参军,党派等 “加入”Join sb. “参加到某人中” join in (doing)sth “加入做......,参加某个活动” Join in=take part in +活动,比赛3、说某种语言:speak+语言 4、play+球、棋、牌;play+the+乐器。5、擅长于(做)什么:be good at +名词/动ing6、帮助某人做某事:help sb. (to ) do sth. help sb. with sth.7、我能知道你名字吗?May I know your name?8、想要做什么:want to do sth 例如:I want to learn about art.9、What club do you want to join?I want to join the chess club and the basketball club.10、What club does Tom want to join? He wants to join the swimming club .11、He can’t play the violin or the piano. Can you help kids with swimming?12、Why do you want to join the English club? Because I want to learn English well.Unit 2 What time do you go to school ?1、what time和when引导的特殊疑问句。(1)对时间提问用what time,也可以用when。询问钟点时用what time,询问日期、月份、年份时用when。(2)询问做某事的时间时,两者可以互换。 (3)其他询问时间的句子:What's the time? =What time is it?现在几点了?时刻表达法:顺读法和逆读法。(1)顺读法:“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。(2)逆读法:借助介词past或to表示,要先说分再说钟点。A.当分钟不超过30分钟时(包括30分钟),即30,用to表示。其结构为:“所差分钟(即60—所过分钟数)+to+下一个整点”,to译成“差”,差几分钟到几点。C.当分钟为30分钟用half表示,当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。2、always 总是>usually 通常>often常常>sometime 有时3、Watch+TV、球赛 “观看,观赏”,特指长时间注视。See+电影、医生 “看见”,强调看的结果。Look “看”,强调看的动作,look后接宾语时要用介词at。Read+书刊、杂志 “阅读”4、listen to +宾语 6、Take a shower “淋浴” 7、Eat breakfast 吃早餐5、Go to +地点名词 如:go to school go+地点副词 如:go homeUnit 3 How do you get to school?一、本单元知识点总结1.get to school 到校 2.take the subway 乘地铁3.take the train 坐火车 4.leave for 到……地方去,离开去某地5.take…to…把……带到…… 6. most students 大多数学生7. from…to…从……到…… 8.think of 想到,想起9.ride bikes 骑自行车 10.in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地方11. how far 多远 (路程、距离) 12.how long多长(时间)13.take the train to school 乘火车去上学 14.in places 在一些地方15.go to school by boat乘船去上学 16.on the school bus乘坐校车17.be different from和……不同 18.one 11-year old boy 一个十一岁大的男孩二、重点知识详解1.take +a/an/the+表示交通工具的名词,乘……去某地,是动词短语,在句中作谓语。He takes the train. take the subway乘地铁 take a walk散步 take a shower洗个澡take a rest休息一会 take a seat 坐下 take some medicine 吃药2.by+表示交通工具的单数名词或on/in+ a/an/the/one’s+表示交通工具的单数名词,是介词短语作方式状语。I get to school by bike. = I get to school on my bike.3.walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词,步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地表示乘交通工具方式可以互换表达相同的意义:Take the bus to school=go to school by bus=go to school on a busDrive a car to work=go to work by car=go to work in a carFly to shanghai=go to shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane to shanghai=go to shanghai on a/an/the plane.4.get表示“到达”,后接名词需加to,接地点副词不加to.reach 给示到达,是及物动词,其后直接接宾语。arrive in+大地点 arrive at +小地点 后接副词不需介词。5. It takes sb some money/time to do sth.花费某人多少时间/钱做某事Sb pay some money for sth 某人为某物花费多少钱Sb spend some time/money on sth 某人在做某事或某物上花费时间/钱Sb spend some time/ money (in)doing sth Sth cost sb some money 某物花费某人多少钱6. How far is it from A to B?=How far is B from A?答语有两种:W wW.x kB 1.c Om(1) It’s…meters/miles/kilometers(away)有……米/英里/千米(远)(2) It ‘s about ten minutes’ walk/ ride. 大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。7have to 后加动词原形,侧重客观的需要,有“不得不,被迫”之意,有多种时态形式,否定式为don’t have to(needn’t)意为“不必”。Must 侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务做某事,只有现在时一种形式,否定式must’t意为“一定不要,不允许,禁止”反意词为“needn’t”。8.感谢用语:Thank you very much , Thanks a lot , Many thanks.回答感谢用语的句子:That’s ok /all right. 不用谢。You are welcome 不客气。 It is my pleasure./My pleasure./It is a pleasure.不客气、那是我的荣幸。/Don’t mention it。别在意。 It was nothing at all.那没什么。三、语法归纳(一)how 引导的特殊疑问句1.how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式,其答语分三种情况:a. take a/an/the+交通工具(单数)b. by+交通工具(单数)c. on/in+限定词+交通工具2. how far 用来提问距离,多远,其答语分为两种:(1)用长度单位表示:It is five kilometers.(2)用时间表示:It’s twenty minutes’ walk.3.how long 用来提问时间,意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。----How long have you learnt English?----For 3 years.how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间, 常用于将来时态时, 常用“in+时间段”来回答。――How soon will you arrive in Beijing?----In 3 hours.Unit 4 Don’t eat in class肯定的祈使句:(1) 实义动词原形+其他; (2) be动词原形+形容词+其他; (3) Let sb do sth.否定的祈使句:(1) Don’t+实义动词+原形; (2) Don’t be+形容词+其他;(3) Don’t let sb do sth (4) No+Ving.练:(1) My mother said to me, “Tom, _______ in bed.”A. not read B. doesn’t read C. don’t read D. didn’t read(2) Don’t __________ (fight). = No __________ (fight).2. 不要迟到:Don’t arrive late. = Don’t be late. (arrive = be)上课/上学不要迟到:Don’t arrive (be) late for class/school.3. 主语省略(无主语):Don’t arrive late for class.主语不省略(有主语):We can’t arrive ;ate for class.4. 在学校我们必须穿校服:We have to wear uniforms at school.句型:不得不/必须做某事:have to do sth否定:不必做某事:don’t have to do sth穿校服:单数:wear a uniform 复数:wear uniforms练:(1) – I can’t stop smoking, doctor. – For your health, I’m afraid you ______.A. can B. may C. must D. have to5. 在我家里有太多的规矩:I have too many rules in my house.词组:太多…:too many…6. 我从来没有任何快乐:I never have any fun.(never译为“从来没有”,表示否定,否定句中表示“任何,一些”,用any)7. 不要大声说话:Don’t talk loudly.请大声说:Speak loudly, please.8. 他擅长于唱歌:He is good at singing.句型:擅长于做某事:be good at doing sth9. 表示“地点”的词组:(1) 在教室里:in the classroom 在课堂上:in class(2) 在走廊上:in the hallways 在学校里:at school = in school10. 表示“时间”的词组:(1) 下课后:after class 放学后:after school(2) 在上学的白天/晚上:on school days/nights 比较:at night(3) 到晚上10点钟之前:by 10 o’clock p.m.11. (1) with 和; 如:He lives in Beijing with my parents. (不能用and)(2) with 戴着; 如:Do you know the fat man with a hat? (不能用wears)(3) with 有着; 如:It’s an old house with a beautiful garden. (不能用has)Unit5 Why do you like pandas?1. –让我们先去看考拉。-- Let’s see the koalas first. (first翻译为“首先”)–你为什么最喜欢考拉?-- Why do you like koalas best? (best翻译为“最”)--因为它们很可爱。-- Because they are very cute.句型:让某人做某事:let sb do sth2. –你为什么不喜欢老虎?-- Why don’t you like tigers?--因为它们有点吓人。-- Because they are kind of scary.① 在此处,表示“不”,只要在do后加not即可。② 有点…:kind of+形容词 = a little+形容词3. 你还喜欢别的什么动物? What other animals do you like? (后有animals, other不加s)你喜欢和别的年轻人工作吗? Do you like to work with other young people?This isn’t my sweater. It’s __________ (you).Are all these children __________ (you)?4. 他是一个8岁的男孩:He is an 8-year-old boy. (后有名词boy, 用连字符,year用原形)他8岁:He is 8 years old. (后无名词boy, 不用连字符,岁数大于1,year变复数)5. 请保持安静:Please be quiet. = Please keep quiet. (keep译为“保持”,= be)6. 他每天通常睡和放松20个小时:He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.每天:every day (要分开) 连在一起的everyday翻译为“日常的”,是个形容词。7. 和某人玩:play with sb (倒翻)8. 在白天:during the day = in the day 在此处,during = in9. 在晚上:at night = in the evening 在上学的晚上/白天:on school nights/days10. 吃草:eat grass 吃叶子:eat leaves (leaf的复数形式) 吃肉:eat meat11. 相似单词比较:(1) 草:grass (不可数,无复数) (2) 玻璃:glass 复数:glasses 眼镜12. 汉语:因为…,所以… 英语:because…, so… (不能同时出现在一个句子中)汉语:虽然…,但是… 英语:though…, but… (只能使用其中一个)如:_______ Tom is tired, _______ he wants to have a food rest.A. Because, so B. Though, but C. /, so D. /, but13. (1) first num. 第一; 如:Sunday is the first day of a week.(2) first adv. 首先;首先:at first 如:Let’s see the koalas first.14. (1) best adv. 最; 如:Why do you like koalas best?(2) best adj. 的; 如:Who do you think is the best teacher in your class?15. (1) very adv. 非常(放在形容词前); 如:The koalas are very cute.(2) very much 非常(放在动词后); 如:Thank you very much.16. (1) kind(s) of n. 种类; 如:There are many kinds of anmals in the zoo.What kind of noodles would you like?(2) kind of = a little adv. 有点;(无形式变化) 如:He is kind of lazy.(3) kind adj. 和蔼的,友善的; 如:It’s kind of you to help me with my English.17. 树叶:leaf 复数:leaves 变化规则:去f加ves;18. 小偷:thief 复数:thieves 变化规则:去f加ves.Unit6 I’m watching TV1. 现在进行时的结构:主语+be+Ving. (be动词和动词+ing两者缺一不可)考题形式:(1) 已知be动词,考后面的动词形式(要加ing);(2) 已知后面的动词+ing, 则前面用be动词。如:(1) The boy is _________ (run) with his father.(2) Some children are __________ (lie) on the grass.(3) My brother and I are __________ (play) soccer.(4) His sister is __________ (read) a book.2. --你正在做什么?-- What are you doing? --我正在看电视。-- I’m watching TV.3. 那听起来很棒:That sounds great/good.4. 谢谢你的信和照片:Thanks for your letter and the photos.① 谢谢某东西:Thanks for sth ② 句型:谢谢做某事:Thanks for doing sth5. 这是我的一些照片:Here are some of my photos. (“一些照片”是“复数”,be用are)这是我的一张全家福照片:Here is a photo of my family. (“一张照片”是“单数”,be用is)6. 句型:忙于做某事:be busy doing sth如:His brother is busy _________ (write) stories in his room.7. 表示“活动”的“动词词组”① 做家庭作业:do one’s homework ② 打扫房间:clean the room③ 吃晚饭:eat dinner ④ 打电话:talk on the phone = make a telephone call⑤ 看书/看报/看杂志:read books, read newspapers, read magazines⑥ (学生)上课:have an English class (老师)上课:give an English class⑦ 举行晚会:have an evening party ⑧ 和某人说再见:say goodbye to sb8. 在购物中心:at the mall 在游泳池:at the (swimming) pool在学校:at school 在体育馆里:in the gym9. 在第一张照片中:in the first photo 在第二张照片中:in the second photo在下一张照片中:in the next photo 在最后一张照片中:in the last photo10. 等汽车:wait for the bus 在汽车站等(某人):wait (for sb) at the bus stop11. 我的兄弟和我:my brother and I (要把“我”放在后面)12. (身体)好,健康:well = fine 如:-- How is your mother? -- She is _______.13. 活动:activity 复数:activities (以辅音字母+y结尾的,去y加ies)玩具:toy 复数:toys (以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加s)14. (1) 也:also 用于“肯定句的句中”;(2) 也:too 用于“肯定句的句末,前加逗号”;(3) 也:either 用于“否定句的句末,前加逗号”。15. (1) show n. 节目;如:TV show, sports show, game show, talk show(2) show v. 给…看;如:Can you show me your family photo?I’ll show you the way.(3) show v. 表演;如:Can you show us Beijing Opear?一般现在时 The Simple Present Tense一般现在时表示现在的状态 ;表示经常性或习惯性的动作;表示主语具备的性格和能力等。例如:1、He is twelve.  他十二岁。2、I go to school at seven every day.3、They speak Japanese. 一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用。如:often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。1. I often read books in the evening.2. Do they usually go to school by bike?3. He doesn’t like milk. He never drinks it.4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.一般现在时常和以下时间表达法连用。如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day,  on Sunday(s), at seven 等。Do they have math in the morning?She sleeps nine hours every night.It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.They don’t have classes on Sundays.它有三种形式:一、谓语是be的一般现在时。1、肯定形式是:主语+be+表语(形容词、名词充当表语)。2、否定形式是:主语+be+not+表语(形容词、名词充当表语)。3、一般疑问句是:Be+主语+表语(形容词、名词充当表语)?肯定回答是:Yes,主语+be. 否定回答是:No, 主语+ be+not.4、特殊疑问句是:特殊疑问词+Be开头的一般疑问句?注意:be要随着主语变。二、谓语是情态动词can/may.....+动词原形的一般现在时。1、肯定形式是:主语+情态动词can/may.....+动词原形+宾语。2、否定形式是:主语+情态动词can/may.....+not+动词原形+宾语。3、一般疑问句是:情态动词can/may.....++动词原形+主语+宾语。肯定回答是:Yes,主语+情态动词. 否定回答是:No, 主语+ 情态动词+not.4、特殊疑问句是:特殊疑问词+情态动词can/may.....开头的一般疑问句?注意:情态动词can/may.....+动词原形。三、谓语动词是实义动词及物动词或不及物动词的一般现在时。1、肯定形式是:“主语+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+不及物动词”。2、否定形式是:“主语+don't/doesn't+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+don't/doesn't+不及物动词”。3、一般疑问句是:“Do/Does+主语+及物动词原形+宾语”或“Do/Does+主语+不及物动词原形”。肯定回答是:Yes,主语+do/does. 否定回答是:No, 主语+ don't/doesn't.4、特殊疑问句是:特殊疑问词+do/does开头的一般疑问句?注意:根据主语确定用do还是does。 动词第三人称单数的构成:(用于第三人称单数、可数名词的单数和不可数名词的一般现在时中)1、直接加--slook—looks read—reads play—plays   stop—stops2. 在字母s, x,ch,sh,o后加--esmiss—missesfix—fixes  watch—watches  wash—washesgo—goes do--does3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-escarry–carries study–studies hurry–hurries cry–cries4.特殊的 have -- has现在进行时(1)构成形式:Be动词+动词的ing形式这里强调一点,两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。(3)有用的依据:一个句子中既有be动词,又有动词,且动词加了ing 该句是现在进行时(4)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。动词现在分词的变化见下表:词尾情况 变化方式 例词一般情况 加—ing play玩—playing do做—doinggo去—going jump跳—jumpingsing唱—singing ski滑雪—skiingsee看见--seeing以不发音的e结尾 去e加—ing make做—making take拿到—takinglike喜欢—liking come来—comingwrite写—writing dance跳舞—dancinghave有—having close关—closing以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母 双写最后一个辅音字母再加—ing swim游泳—swimming sit坐—sittingrun跑—running get得到—gettingput放—putting begin开始—beginningjog慢跑—jogging同音词: too---two----to buy---by I---eye four----for there----theirright----write sun----son no----know here---hear who’s----whose近义词: many----a lot of / lots of large----big desk----tablephoto---picture lamp----light like----love反义词或对应词:old----new go----come big----smallopen----close black----white here----there完整形式:let’s=let us(让我们) I’d=I would can’t=can not I’m=I am词性变换:one(序数词) first monkey(复数)monkeys skiing(原形)skiis(复数)are families(单数)family make(现在分词)makingwe are(缩略形式)we’re do(第三人称单数)does have(第三人称单数)hasphoto(复数)photos good(反义词)bad做题目时一定要记住:can+动词原形like+动词inglike+名词复数play+足球类 play the +乐器类how many +名词复数would like +to+动词原形let’s+动词原形现在进行时:be(am,is,are)+动词ing动词第三人称单数形式