威廉·福克纳获诺贝尔文学奖受奖演说

时间:2022-03-14 09:57:00

威廉·福克纳获诺贝尔文学奖受奖演说

英语演讲稿

威廉·福克纳(WilliamFaulkner,1897-1962)美国作家,生于美国密西西比州新奥尔巴尼的一个庄园主家,南北战争后家道中落。

第一次世界大战期间,福克纳在空军服过役。战后入大学,其后从事过各种职业并开始写作。《士兵的报酬》(1926)发表后,福克纳被列入"迷惘的一代",但很快与他们分道扬镖。《萨拉里斯》(1929)问世之后,福克纳的创作进入高峰斯。他发现"家乡那块邮票般大小的地方倒也值得一写,只怕一辈子也写不完"。怀着这样的信念,他把19篇长篇和70多篇短篇小说纺织在"约克纳帕塌法世系"里,通过南方贵族世家的兴衰,反映了美国独立战争前夕到第二次世界大战之间的社会现实,创伤了20世纪的"人间喜剧"。长篇小说《喧哗与骚动》和《我弥留之际》(1930)、《圣殿》(1931)、《八月之光》(1932)、《押沙龙,押沙龙》(1936)等现代文公务员之家版权所有学的经典之作。

福克纳后期的主要作品有《村子》(1940)、《闯入者》(1948)、《寓言》(1954)、《小镇》(1957)和《大宅》(1959)等。此外还有短篇小说、剧本和诗歌。

福克纳虽是南方重要作家,但他的作品当时并不受重视,直到1946年美国著名的文学批评家马尔科姆·考莱编选了《袖珍本福克纳文集》,又写了一篇有名的序言之后,福克纳才在文坛上引起重视。特别是萨特、马尔洛等人的赏识,使福克纳名声大噪。

在艺术上,福克纳受弗洛伊德影响,大胆地大胆地进行实验,采用意识流手法、对位结构以及象征隐喻等手段表现暴力、凶杀、性变态心理等,他的作品风格千姿百态、扑朔迷离,读者须下大功夫才能感受其特有的审美情趣。

1949年,"因为他对当代美国小说作出了强有力的和艺术上无与伦比的贡献",福克纳获诺贝尔文学奖。

Ifeelthatthisawardwasnotmadetomeasaman,buttomywork--life''''sworkintheagonyandsweatofthehumanspirit,notforgloryandleastofallforprofit,buttocreateoutofthematerialsofthehumanspiritsomethingwhichdidnotexistbefore.Sothisawardisonlymineintrust.Itwillnotbedifficulttofindadedicationforthemoneypartofitcommensuratewiththepurposeandsignificanceofitsorigin.ButIwouldliketodothesamewiththeacclaimtoo,byusingthismomentasapinnaclefromwhichImightbelistenedtobytheyoungmenandwomenalreadydedicatedtothesameanguishandtravail,amongwhomisalreadythatonewhowillsomedaystandwhereIamstanding.

Ourtragedytodayisageneralanduniversalphysicalfearsolongsustainedbynowthatwecanevenbearit.Therearenolongerproblemsofthespirit.Thereisonlythequestion:WhenwillIbeblownup?Becauseofthis,theyoungmanorwomanwritingtodayhasforgottentheproblemsofthehumanheartinconflictwithitselfwhichalonecanmakegoodwritingbecauseonlythatisworthwritingabout,worththeagonyandthesweat.

Hemustlearnthemagain.Hemustteachhimselfthatthebasestofallthingsistobeafraid;and,teachinghimselfthat,forgetitforever,leavingnoroominhisworkshopforanythingbuttheoldveritiesandtruthsoftheheart,theuniversaltruthslackingwhichanystoryisephemeralanddoomed--loveandhonorandpityandprideandcompassionandsacrifice.Untilhedoesso,helaborsunderacurse.Hewritesnotoflovebutoflust,ofdefeatsinwhichnobodylosesanythingofvalue,ofvictorieswithouthopeand,worstofall,withoutpityorcompassion.Hisgriefsgrieveonnouniversalbones,leavingnoscars.Hewritesnotoftheheartbutoftheglands.

Untilhelearnsthesethings,hewillwriteasthoughhestoodamongandwatchedtheendofman.Ideclinetoaccepttheendofman.Itiseasyenoughtosaythatmanisimmortalsimplybecausehewillendure:thatwhenthelastding-dongofdoomhasclangedandfadedfromthelastworthlessrockhangingtidelessinthelastredanddyingevening,thateventhentherewillstillbeonemoresound:thatofhispunyinexhaustiblevoice,stilltalking.Irefusetoacceptthis.Ibelievethatmanwillnotmerelyendure:hewillprevail.Heisimmortal,notbecausehealoneamongcreatureshasaninexhaustiblevoice,butbecausehehasasoul,aspiritcapableofcompassionandsacrificeandendurance.

Thepoet’s,thewriter''''s,dutyistowriteaboutthesethings.Itishisprivilegetohelpmanendurebyliftinghisheart,byremindinghimofthecourageandhonorandhopeandprideandcompassionand公务员之家版权所有pityandsacrificewhichhavebeenthegloryofhispast.Thepoet''''svoiceneednotmerelybetherecordofman,itcanbeoneoftheprops,thepillarstohelphimendureandprevail.